2013 AMC 10A 第 18 题

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18.

设 一条经过 AA 的直线把四边形 ABCDABCD 分成面积相等的两部分。该直线与 CD\overline{CD} 交于点 (pq,rs)\left(\dfrac{p}{q}, \dfrac{r}{s}\right),其中两个分数均为最简形式。求 的值。 A=(0,0)A=(0,0)B=(1,2)B=(1,2)C=(3,3)C=(3,3)D=(4,0)D=(4,0)p+q+r+sp+q+r+s

Let points A=(0,0),A=(0,0), B=(1,2),B=(1,2), C=(3,3),C=(3,3), and D=(4,0).D=(4,0). Quadrilateral ABCDABCD is cut into equal area pieces by a line passing through A.A. This line intersects CD\overline{CD} at point (pq,rs),\left(\dfrac{p}{q}, \dfrac{r}{s}\right), where these fractions are in lowest terms. What is p+q+r+s?p+q+r+s?

5454

5858

6262

7070

7575

答案:B
知识点:坐标几何面积分割一次方程
难度评级:1660
解答:

设分割线与 CD\overline{CD} 交于 GG。如图,从 BBCCGGxx-轴作垂线。

由图中分割可得 ABF\triangle ABF、梯形 BCEFBCEFCDE\triangle CDE 的面积分别为 115532\frac32,所以 [ABCD]=152[ABCD]=\frac{15}{2}

因此 ADG\triangle ADG 面积为 154\frac{15}{4}。因为 AD=4AD=4,点 GG 的高度为 158\frac{15}{8}

直线 CDCD 的方程为 y=3x+12y=-3x+12,所以 158=3x+12\frac{15}{8}=-3x+12,得到 x=278x=\frac{27}{8}。因此 p+q+r+sp+q+r+s =27+8+15+8=27+8+15+8 =58=58

所以正确答案是 B

Let the cutting line meet CD\overline{CD} at GG. Drop perpendiculars from BB, CC, and GG to the xx-axis as in the diagram.

The areas of ABF\triangle ABF, trapezoid BCEFBCEF, and CDE\triangle CDE are 11, 55, and 32\frac32, respectively, so [ABCD]=152[ABCD]=\frac{15}{2}.

Thus ADG\triangle ADG has area 154\frac{15}{4}. Since AD=4AD=4, the height of GG is 158\frac{15}{8}.

The line CDCD has equation y=3x+12y=-3x+12, so 158=3x+12\frac{15}{8}=-3x+12, giving x=278x=\frac{27}{8}. Therefore p+q+r+sp+q+r+s =27+8+15+8=27+8+15+8 =58=58.

Thus, B is the correct answer.

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