2005 AMC 10B 第 22 题

先试着解答 2005 AMC 10B 第 22 题,然后核对你的答案与精心整理的解答,解答来自 LIVE by Po-Shen Loh。你也可以参加完整限时模拟考试、查看全部 2005 AMC 10B 解答,或核对答案

所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

22.

对于多少个不超过 2424 的正整数 nnn!n! 能被 1+2++n1 + 2 + \cdots + n 整除?

For how many positive integers nn less than or equal to 2424 is n!n! evenly divisible by 1+2++n?1 + 2 + \cdots + n?

88

1212

1616

1717

2121

答案:C
知识点:三角形数阶乘整除性质数
难度评级:1990
解答:

因为 1+2++n=n(n+1)2,1 + 2 + \cdots + n = \dfrac{n(n+1)}{2},整除条件等价于 n!n(n+1)/2=2(n1)!n+1 \dfrac{n!}{n(n+1)/2} = \dfrac{2(n-1)!}{n+1} 是整数。

N=n+1.N=n+1.NN 是合数但不是完全平方数,它有两个不同的真因数,其乘积为 N;N;而这两个因数都出现在 (N2)!=(n1)!.(N-2)!=(n-1)!. 中。若 N=k2N=k^2k3,k\ge3,因数 kk2k2k 都出现在该阶乘中,所以阶乘含有 2N.2N. 的倍数。剩下的合数情形 N=4,N=4, 也整除 2(N2)!=4.2(N-2)!=4.因此当 NN 是合数时,分式为整数。若 N=n+1N=n+1 是奇质数,它既不整除 (n1)!(n-1)!,也不整除 2,2,所以分式不是整数。偶质数 N=2N=2 给出 n=1,n=1,符合条件。

不超过 2525 的奇质数是 3,5,7,11,13,17,19,23,3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23,对应 88 个不符合条件的 n.n.所以有 248=1624 - 8 = 16 个值符合条件。

所以正确答案是 C

Since 1+2++n=n(n+1)2,1 + 2 + \cdots + n = \dfrac{n(n+1)}{2}, divisibility is equivalent to n!n(n+1)/2=2(n1)!n+1 \dfrac{n!}{n(n+1)/2} = \dfrac{2(n-1)!}{n+1} being an integer.

Put N=n+1.N=n+1. If NN is composite and not a square, it has two distinct proper factors whose product is N;N; both occur in (N2)!=(n1)!.(N-2)!=(n-1)!. If N=k2N=k^2 with k3,k\ge3, the factors kk and 2k2k occur in that factorial, so it contains a multiple of 2N.2N. The remaining composite case, N=4,N=4, also divides 2(N2)!=4.2(N-2)!=4. Thus the fraction is an integer whenever NN is composite. If N=n+1N=n+1 is an odd prime, it divides neither (n1)!(n-1)! nor 2,2, so the fraction is not an integer. The even prime N=2N=2 gives n=1,n=1, which works.

The odd primes at most 2525 are 3,5,7,11,13,17,19,23,3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, giving 88 failing values of n.n. Hence 248=1624 - 8 = 16 values work.

Thus, C is the correct answer.

← 第 21 题#21
完整试卷

其他年份的第 22 题