2022 AMC 10B 第 14 题

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14.

SS{1,2,3,,25}\left\{ 1, 2, 3, \cdots , 25 \right\} 的子集,并且 SS 中任意两个元素(可以相同)的和都不是 SS 的元素。SS 最多可以含有多少个元素?

Suppose that SS is a subset of {1,2,3,,25}\left\{ 1, 2, 3, \cdots , 25 \right\} such that the sum of any two (not necessarily distinct) elements of SS is never an element of S.S. What is the maximum number of elements SS may contain?

 12\ 12

 13\ 13

 14\ 14

 15\ 15

 16\ 16

答案:B
知识点:子集极端原理配对与分组
难度评级:1600
解答:

集合 S={13,14,25}S = \{13,14 \cdots ,25\}1313 个元素,且任意两个元素之和都大于二十五,所以这个大小可以达到。

反过来,设 mmSS 的最大元素。对 SS 中每个满足 i<mi<mii,数 mim-i 不能也属于 SS

因此,在小于 mm 的数中,和为 mm 的每一对至多选一个;若 mm 为偶数,中间的数也不能选。于是小于 mm 的元素至多有 m12\lfloor \dfrac {m-1}2 \rfloor 个,计入 mm 本身后总数至多为 m12+1\lfloor \dfrac{m-1}2 \rfloor +1

这个上界在 m=25m=25 时最大,等于 1313

所以正确答案是 B

The set S={13,14,25}S = \{13,14 \cdots ,25\} has 1313 elements, and every pair has sum greater than 25, so this size is attainable.

Conversely, let mm be the maximum element of S.S. For every element of SS satisfying i<m,i<m, the number ii and the number mim-i cannot both belong to S.S.

Thus, among the numbers below m,m, at most one number can be chosen from each pair with sum mm; if mm is even, the middle number cannot be chosen either. Hence at most m12\lfloor \dfrac {m-1}2 \rfloor elements lie below m,m, and including mm gives at most m12+1\lfloor \dfrac{m-1}2 \rfloor +1 elements.

The maximum value of this has m=25,m=25, yielding 13.13.

Thus, the answer is B .

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