2021 AMC 10B Spring 第 7 题

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7.

在平面中,半径分别为 1,3,51,3,577 的四个圆都与直线 \ell 在同一点 AA 相切,但它们可以位于 \ell 的任一侧。区域 SS 由恰好位于这四个圆中一个圆内部的所有点组成。区域 SS 的最大可能面积是多少?

In a plane, four circles with radii 1,3,5,1,3,5, and 77 are tangent to line \ell at the same point A,A, but they may be on either side of .\ell. Region SS consists of all the points that lie inside exactly one of the four circles. What is the maximum possible area of region S?S?

24π24\pi

32π32\pi

64π64\pi

65π65\pi

84π84\pi

答案:D
知识点:相切圆圆面积最优化
难度评级:1240
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文字解答:

\ell 的同一侧,所有在 AA 处相切的圆互相包含。若套在一起的圆半径为 r1>r2>r_1>r_2>\cdots,则恰好在一个圆内的面积为 π(r12r22)\pi(r_1^2-r_2^2);更小圆内的点同时位于至少三个圆内,不符合“恰好一个”的条件。

要使面积最大,把半径 77 的圆单独放在一侧,把半径 5,3,15,3,1 的圆放在另一侧。这给出

72π+(5232)π=49π+16π=65π. \begin{aligned} &7^2\pi+(5^2-3^2)\pi \\ &=49\pi+16\pi=65\pi. \end{aligned}

所以答案是 D

On one side of ,\ell, circles tangent at AA are nested. For nested circles with radii r1>r2>,r_1>r_2>\cdots, the points inside exactly one of those circles have area π(r12r22)\pi(r_1^2-r_2^2) if there are at least two circles; a third smaller nested circle does not count because its points are inside three circles, not exactly one.

To maximize the area, put the circle of radius 77 alone on one side, and put the circles of radii 5,3,15,3,1 on the other side. This gives

72π+(5232)π=49π+16π=65π. \begin{aligned} &7^2\pi+(5^2-3^2)\pi \\ &=49\pi+16\pi=65\pi. \end{aligned}

Thus, the answer is D .

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