2017 AMC 10A 第 21 题

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所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

21.

一个边长为 xx 的正方形内接于一个边长为 334455 的直角三角形,使正方形的一个顶点与三角形的直角顶点重合。另一个边长为 yy 的正方形内接于另一个边长为 334455 的直角三角形,使正方形的一条边落在三角形的斜边上。求 xy\dfrac{x}{y} 的值。

A square with side length xx is inscribed in a right triangle with sides of length 3,3, 4,4, and 55 so that one vertex of the square coincides with the right-angle vertex of the triangle. A square with side length yy is inscribed in another right triangle with sides of length 3,3, 4,4, and 55 so that one side of the square lies on the hypotenuse of the triangle. What is xy?\dfrac{x}{y}?

1213\dfrac{12}{13}

3537\dfrac{35}{37}

11

3735\dfrac{37}{35}

1312\dfrac{13}{12}

答案:D
知识点:相似直角三角形正方形(几何)
难度评级:2060
解答:

第一种放置中,FBE\triangle FBE 与原来的 ABC\triangle ABC 相似,因此 BFFE=ABAC \dfrac{BF}{FE} = \dfrac{AB}{AC} 4xx=43. \dfrac{4 - x}{x} = \dfrac{4}{3}.

交叉相乘可得 123x=4x 12 - 3x = 4x x=127. x = \dfrac{12}{7}.

这里,ABC\triangle ABCRBQ\triangle RBQSTC\triangle STC 都相似(角角相似)。

因此 RB=43yRB = \dfrac{4}{3}y,且 CS=34yCS = \dfrac{3}{4}y。这给出方程 43y+34y+y=5 \dfrac{4}{3}y + \dfrac{3}{4}y + y = 5 3712y=5. \dfrac{37}{12}y = 5.

y=6037y = \dfrac{60}{37}1276037=3735. \dfrac{\frac{12}{7}}{\frac{60}{37}} = \dfrac{37}{35}.

所以正确答案是 D

We can see that ABC\triangle ABC and FBE\triangle FBE are similar (angle-angle). This gives us BFFE=ABAC \dfrac{BF}{FE} = \dfrac{AB}{AC} 4xx=43. \dfrac{4 - x}{x} = \dfrac{4}{3}.

Cross-multiplying yields 123x=4x 12 - 3x = 4x x=127. x = \dfrac{12}{7}.

Here, we have that ABC,\triangle ABC, RBQ,\triangle RBQ, and STC\triangle STC are similar (angle-angle).

This means that RB=43yRB = \dfrac{4}{3}y and CS=34y.CS = \dfrac{3}{4}y. This gives us the equation 43y+34y+y=5 \dfrac{4}{3}y + \dfrac{3}{4}y + y = 5 3712y=5. \dfrac{37}{12}y = 5.

Finally, we get that y=6037.y = \dfrac{60}{37}. The desired ratio is 1276037=3735. \dfrac{\frac{12}{7}}{\frac{60}{37}} = \dfrac{37}{35}.

Thus, D is the correct answer.

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