2016 AMC 10A 第 21 题

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21.

圆心为 P,QP, QRR、半径分别为 1,21, 233 的三个圆位于直线 ll 的同侧,并分别在 P,QP', Q'RR' 处与 ll 相切,其中 QQ'PP'RR' 之间。圆心为 QQ 的圆与另外两个圆都外切。求 PQR\triangle PQR 的面积。

Circles with centers P,QP, Q and R,R, having radii 1,21, 2 and 3,3, respectively, lie on the same side of line ll and are tangent to ll at P,QP', Q' and R,R', respectively, with QQ' between PP' and R.R'. The circle with center QQ is externally tangent to each of the other two circles. What is the area of PQR?\triangle PQR?

00

23\sqrt{\dfrac{2}{3}}

11

62\sqrt{6}-\sqrt{2}

32\sqrt{\dfrac{3}{2}}

答案:D
知识点:相切圆勾股定理坐标几何
难度评级:1970
解答:

由勾股定理,得到 以及 这是因为 xxP=(0,1)P=(0,1)。这些三角形的高也都是 11PQ=1+2=3PQ=1+2=3 PP QQ QR=2+3=5QR=2+3=5 11262\sqrt63212=22.\sqrt{3^2-1^2}=2\sqrt2.

因此 P=(0,1),Q=(22,2),R=(22+26,3). \begin{aligned} P&=(0,1),\qquad Q=(2\sqrt2,2), \\ R&=(2\sqrt2+2\sqrt6,3). \end{aligned} [PQR]=1242(22+26)=62. \begin{aligned} [PQR] &=\frac12\left|4\sqrt2-(2\sqrt2+2\sqrt6)\right| \\ &=\sqrt6-\sqrt2. \end{aligned}

现在可以把 表示为 所以正确答案是 D

Put the tangent line on the xx-axis and take P=(0,1).P=(0,1). Because PQ=1+2=3PQ=1+2=3 and the centers differ in height by 1,1, the horizontal distance from PP to QQ is 3212=22.\sqrt{3^2-1^2}=2\sqrt2. Similarly, QR=2+3=5QR=2+3=5 and its centers also differ in height by 1,1, so their horizontal distance is 26.2\sqrt6.

Thus we may use P=(0,1),Q=(22,2),R=(22+26,3). \begin{aligned} P&=(0,1),\qquad Q=(2\sqrt2,2), \\ R&=(2\sqrt2+2\sqrt6,3). \end{aligned} The coordinate-area formula gives [PQR]=1242(22+26)=62. \begin{aligned} [PQR] &=\frac12\left|4\sqrt2-(2\sqrt2+2\sqrt6)\right| \\ &=\sqrt6-\sqrt2. \end{aligned}

Thus, the correct answer is D .

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