2012 AMC 10A 第 21 题

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21.

设点 点 EE FF GGHH 分别是线段 BD, AB, AC\overline{BD},\text{ } \overline{AB}, \text{ } \overline {AC}DC\overline{DC} 的中点。求四边形 EFGHEFGH 的面积。 A=(0,0,0)A=(0,0,0)B=(1,0,0)B=(1,0,0)C=(0,2,0)C=(0,2,0)D=(0,0,3)D=(0,0,3)

Let points A=(0,0,0),A=(0,0,0), B=(1,0,0),B=(1,0,0), C=(0,2,0),C=(0,2,0), and D=(0,0,3).D=(0,0,3). Points E,E, F,F, G,G, and HH are midpoints of line segments BD, AB, AC,\overline{BD},\text{ } \overline{AB}, \text{ } \overline {AC}, and DC\overline{DC} respectively. What is the area of EFGH?EFGH?

2\sqrt{2}

253\dfrac{2\sqrt{5}}{3}

354\dfrac{3\sqrt{5}}{4}

3\sqrt{3}

273\dfrac{2\sqrt{7}}{3}

答案:C
知识点:立体几何中点距离公式
难度评级:1730
解答:

注意 EF=12ADEF = \dfrac{1}{2}AD,因为它是 ABD\triangle ABD 的中位线。同理,HG=12ADHG = \dfrac{1}{2}AD,且 FG=12BCFG = \dfrac{1}{2}BC

又因为 EF\overline{EF}HG\overline{HG} 垂直于 xyxy 平面,所以它们垂直于 FG\overline{FG}EH\overline{EH}

因此 EFGHEFGH 是长方形,且 EF=HGEF = HG。有 EF=123=32EF = \dfrac{1}{2} \cdot 3 = \dfrac{3}{2}

还可得 FG=1212+22=52. FG = \dfrac{1}{2} \sqrt{1^2 + 2^2} = \dfrac{\sqrt{5}}{2}.

所以 EFGHEFGH 的面积为 EFFG=3252=354. EF \cdot FG = \dfrac{3}{2} \cdot \dfrac{\sqrt{5}}{2} = \dfrac{3\sqrt{5}}{4}.

所以正确答案是 C

Note that EF=12ADEF = \dfrac{1}{2}AD since it is a midsegment of ABD.\triangle ABD. Similarly, HG=12ADHG = \dfrac{1}{2}AD and FG=12BC.FG = \dfrac{1}{2}BC.

We also have that EF\overline{EF} and HG\overline{HG} are perpendicular to the xyxy-plane, which means that they are perpendicular to FG\overline{FG} and EH.\overline{EH}.

This tells us that EFGHEFGH is rectangle since EF=HG.EF = HG. We have EF=123=32.EF = \dfrac{1}{2} \cdot 3 = \dfrac{3}{2}.

We also have that FG=1212+22=52. FG = \dfrac{1}{2} \sqrt{1^2 + 2^2} = \dfrac{\sqrt{5}}{2}.

The area of EFGHEFGH is then EFFG=3252=354. EF \cdot FG = \dfrac{3}{2} \cdot \dfrac{\sqrt{5}}{2} = \dfrac{3\sqrt{5}}{4}.

Thus, C is the correct answer.

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