2006 AMC 10A 第 21 题

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所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

21.

有多少个四位正整数至少有一位数字是 2233

How many four-digit positive integers have at least one digit that is a 22 or a 3?3?

24392439

40964096

49034903

49044904

54165416

答案:E
知识点:补集计数数字
难度评级:1450
解答:

四位正整数共有 90009000 个。若避开 2233,首位可从 {1,4,5,6,7,8,9}\{1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9\} 中选择,有 77 种;其余每位可从 {0,1,4,5,6,7,8,9}\{0, 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9\} 中选择,有 88 种,共有 783=35847 \cdot 8^3 = 3584 个。

因此至少有一位是 2233 的有 90003584=54169000 - 3584 = 5416 个。

所以正确答案是 E

There are 90009000 four-digit integers. For those avoiding 22 and 3,3, the leading digit is one of {1,4,5,6,7,8,9}\{1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9\} (77 choices) and each remaining digit is one of {0,1,4,5,6,7,8,9}\{0, 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9\} (88 choices): 783=3584.7 \cdot 8^3 = 3584.

So 90003584=54169000 - 3584 = 5416 have at least one 22 or 3.3.

Thus, the correct answer is E.

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