2006 AMC 10A 真题

向下滚动并点击“开始”即可作答!或前往可打印 PDF答案,或由 LIVE by Po-Shen Loh 精心整理的专业解答

所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

或直接跳转到某一道题及其解答: 1 · 2 · 3 · 4 · 5 · 6 · 7 · 8 · 9 · 10 · 11 · 12 · 13 · 14 · 15 · 16 · 17 · 18 · 19 · 20 · 21 · 22 · 23 · 24 · 25

想通过互动视频课程系统学习吗?

了解 LIVE课程

计时

1:15:00

1.

Joe’s Fast Food 的三明治每个 $3\$3,汽水每杯 $2\$2。购买 55 个三明治和 88 杯汽水需要多少美元?

Sandwiches at Joe’s Fast Food cost $3\$3 each and sodas cost $2\$2 each. How many dollars will it cost to purchase 55 sandwiches and 88 sodas?

3131

3232

3333

3434

3535

答案:A
知识点:钱币整数运算
难度评级:450
小提示:

分别求三明治总价和汽水总价。

Find the sandwich total and the soda total separately

大提示:

计算 53+825 \cdot 3 + 8 \cdot 2

Compute 53+825 \cdot 3 + 8 \cdot 2

解答:

五个三明治花费 53=155 \cdot 3 = 15 美元,八杯汽水花费 82=168 \cdot 2 = 16 美元。合计为 15+16=3115 + 16 = 31 美元。

所以正确答案是 A

Five sandwiches cost 53=155 \cdot 3 = 15 dollars and eight sodas cost 82=168 \cdot 2 = 16 dollars. Together they cost 15+16=3115 + 16 = 31 dollars.

Thus, the correct answer is A.

2.

定义 xy=x3yx \otimes y = x^3 - y。求 h(hh)h \otimes (h \otimes h)

Define xy=x3y.x \otimes y = x^3 - y. What is h(hh)?h \otimes (h \otimes h)?

h-h

00

hh

2h2h

h3h^3

答案:C
难度评级:960
小提示:

先计算内层的 hhh \otimes h

First evaluate the inner hhh \otimes h

大提示:

hh=h3hh \otimes h = h^3 - h,然后再次应用这个运算。

hh=h3h,h \otimes h = h^3 - h, then apply the operation again

解答:

内层运算给出 hh=h3hh \otimes h = h^3 - h。因此 h(h3h)=h3(h3h)=h \begin{aligned} h \otimes (h^3 - h) &= h^3 - (h^3 - h) \\ &= h \end{aligned}\text{。}

所以正确答案是 C

The inner operation gives hh=h3h.h \otimes h = h^3 - h. Then h(h3h)=h3(h3h)=h. \begin{aligned} h \otimes (h^3 - h) &= h^3 - (h^3 - h) \\ &= h. \end{aligned}

Thus, the correct answer is C.

3.

Mary 的年龄与 Alice 的年龄之比为 3:53 : 5。Alice 今年 3030 岁。Mary 今年多少岁?

The ratio of Mary’s age to Alice’s age is 3:5.3 : 5. Alice is 3030 years old. How many years old is Mary?

1515

1818

2020

2424

5050

答案:B
难度评级:560
小提示:

Mary 的年龄是 Alice 年龄的 35\dfrac{3}{5}

Mary’s age is 35\dfrac{3}{5} of Alice’s age

大提示:

计算 3530\dfrac{3}{5} \cdot 30

Compute 3530\dfrac{3}{5} \cdot 30

解答:

因为年龄比为 3:53 : 5,且 Alice 是 3030 岁,所以 Mary 的年龄为 3530=18\dfrac{3}{5} \cdot 30 = 18 岁。

所以正确答案是 B

Since the ratio is 3:53 : 5 and Alice is 30,30, Mary is 3530=18\dfrac{3}{5} \cdot 30 = 18 years old.

Thus, the correct answer is B.

4.

一个电子表显示小时和分钟,并标明上午或下午。显示内容中所有数字之和的最大可能值是多少?

A digital watch displays hours and minutes with am and pm. What is the largest possible sum of the digits in the display?

1717

1919

2121

2222

2323

答案:E
难度评级:1030
小提示:

这个显示使用 1212 小时制,所以小时是 111212

The display uses a 1212-hour clock, so the hour is 11 through 1212

大提示:

分别让分钟数字和与小时数字和尽可能大。

Maximize the minutes’ digit sum and the hour’s digit sum separately

解答:

分钟从 00005959,所以分钟的最大数字和为 5+9=145 + 9 = 14,出现在 5959 分。

对小时而言,单个数字 9912121+2=31 + 2 = 3 更大。最大总和为 9+14=239 + 14 = 23,出现在 9 ⁣: ⁣599\!:\!59

所以正确答案是 E

The minutes run from 0000 to 59,59, so the largest digit sum for the minutes is 5+9=14,5 + 9 = 14, at 5959 minutes.

For the hour, the single digit 99 beats 1+2=31 + 2 = 3 from 12.12. The largest total is 9+14=23,9 + 14 = 23, occurring at 9 ⁣: ⁣59.9\!:\!59.

Thus, the correct answer is E.

5.

Doug 和 Dave 分享一个切成 88 块等大的披萨。Doug 想要普通披萨,但 Dave 想在半个披萨上加凤尾鱼。普通披萨价格为 $8\$8,在半个披萨上加凤尾鱼另收 $2\$2。Dave 吃了所有加凤尾鱼的披萨块和一块普通披萨。Doug 吃了剩下的部分。两人各自按自己吃的部分付钱。Dave 比 Doug 多付多少美元?

Doug and Dave shared a pizza with 88 equally-sized slices. Doug wanted a plain pizza, but Dave wanted anchovies on half of the pizza. The cost of a plain pizza was $8,\$8, and there was an additional cost of $2\$2 for putting anchovies on one half. Dave ate all the slices of anchovy pizza and one plain slice. Doug ate the remainder. Each then paid for what he had eaten. How many more dollars did Dave pay than Doug?

11

22

33

44

55

答案:D
知识点:钱币分数
难度评级:1120
小提示:

普通披萨 $8\$888 块,所以每块 $1\$1

A plain pizza costs $8\$8 for 88 slices, so each slice is $1\$1

大提示:

Dave 吃了五块,还要支付凤尾鱼的全部 $2\$2 额外费用。

Dave also pays the full $2\$2 for the anchovies on top of his five slices

解答:

披萨共有 88 块,所以每块披萨的普通价格是 $1\$1。Dave 吃了 55 块,并支付凤尾鱼的额外 $2\$2,总共 5+2=75 + 2 = 7 美元。

Doug 吃了 33 块,付 33 美元。因此 Dave 多付 73=47 - 3 = 4 美元。

所以正确答案是 D

Each of the 88 slices costs $1.\$1. Dave ate 55 slices and also pays the extra $2\$2 for the anchovies, for a total of 5+2=75 + 2 = 7 dollars.

Doug ate 33 slices, paying 33 dollars. So Dave paid 73=47 - 3 = 4 dollars more.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

6.

哪个非零实数 xx 满足 (7x)14=(14x)7(7x)^{14} = (14x)^7

What non-zero real value for xx satisfies (7x)14=(14x)7?(7x)^{14} = (14x)^7?

17\dfrac{1}{7}

27\dfrac{2}{7}

11

77

1414

答案:B
知识点:指数代数变形
难度评级:1190
小提示:

对等式两边取七次方根。

Take the seventh root of both sides

大提示:

得到 (7x)2=14x(7x)^2 = 14x,然后除以 xx

(7x)2=14x,(7x)^2 = 14x, then divide by xx

解答:

对等式两边取七次方根得 (7x)2=14x(7x)^2 = 14x,所以 49x2=14x49x^2 = 14x。因为 x0x \neq 0,除以 xx49x=1449x = 14,于是 x=27x = \dfrac{2}{7}

所以正确答案是 B

Taking the seventh root of both sides gives (7x)2=14x,(7x)^2 = 14x, so 49x2=14x.49x^2 = 14x. Since x0,x \neq 0, divide by xx to get 49x=14,49x = 14, hence x=27.x = \dfrac{2}{7}.

Thus, the correct answer is B.

7.

如图,8×188 \times 18 的矩形 ABCDABCD 被切成两个全等六边形,使得这两个六边形可以无重叠地重新摆成一个正方形。yy 是多少?

The 8×188 \times 18 rectangle ABCDABCD is cut into two congruent hexagons, as shown, in such a way that the two hexagons can be repositioned without overlap to form a square. What is y?y?

66

77

88

99

1010

答案:A
知识点:面积面积分割
难度评级:1190
小提示:

两个六边形组成的正方形与原矩形面积相同。

The two hexagons form a square with the same area as the rectangle

大提示:

矩形面积为 818=1448 \cdot 18 = 144,所以正方形边长为 1212

The rectangle has area 818=144,8 \cdot 18 = 144, so the square has side 1212

解答:

长方形的面积是 818=1448 \cdot 18 = 144,所以拼成的正方形边长为 144=12\sqrt{144} = 12

EEFF 分别为阶梯形切口的上端点和下端点。为了使两个全等部分拼成正方形,三个水平线段 DEDE、中间长为 yy 的线段和 FBFB 必须相等。它们合起来横跨长方形的宽,所以 DE+y+FB=18DE+y+FB=18 给出 3y=183y=18,从而 y=6y=6。的确,所得正方形的边长为 2y=122y=12,与面积计算一致。

所以正确答案是 A

The rectangle’s area is 818=144,8 \cdot 18 = 144, so the square formed has side 144=12.\sqrt{144} = 12.

Let EE and FF be the upper and lower endpoints of the stair-step cut. For the two congruent pieces to fit into a square, the three horizontal segments DE,DE, the middle segment of length y,y, and FBFB must be equal. Together they span the rectangle’s width, so DE+y+FB=18DE+y+FB=18 gives 3y=183y=18 and y=6.y=6. Indeed, the resulting square has side 2y=12,2y=12, agreeing with the area calculation.

Thus, the correct answer is A.

8.

抛物线 y=x2+bx+cy = x^2 + bx + c 经过点 (2,3)(2, 3)(4,3)(4, 3)。求 cc

A parabola with equation y=x2+bx+cy = x^2 + bx + c passes through the points (2,3)(2, 3) and (4,3).(4, 3). What is c?c?

22

55

77

1010

1111

答案:E
知识点:抛物线方程组
难度评级:1270
小提示:

两个点的 yy 值相同,所以它们关于对称轴对称。

The two points have the same yy-value, so they are symmetric about the vertex

大提示:

对称轴为 x=3x = 3,因此 b=6b = -6

The axis of symmetry is x=3,x = 3, giving b=6b = -6

解答:

代入两个点得到 3=4+2b+c3 = 4 + 2b + c3=16+4b+c3 = 16 + 4b + c。相减得 0=12+2b0 = 12 + 2b,所以 b=6b = -6

因此 c=342(6)=11c = 3 - 4 - 2(-6) = 11

所以正确答案是 E

Substituting the points gives 3=4+2b+c3 = 4 + 2b + c and 3=16+4b+c.3 = 16 + 4b + c. Subtracting yields 0=12+2b,0 = 12 + 2b, so b=6.b = -6.

Then c=342(6)=11.c = 3 - 4 - 2(-6) = 11.

Thus, the correct answer is E.

9.

有多少组两个或更多连续正整数的和为 1515

How many sets of two or more consecutive positive integers have a sum of 15?15?

11

22

33

44

55

答案:C
难度评级:1170
小提示:

nn 个连续整数的和等于 nn 乘以它们的中间值。

The sum of nn consecutive integers is nn times the middle value

大提示:

检查 n=2,3,4,5n = 2, 3, 4, 5

Check n=2,3,4,5n = 2, 3, 4, 5

解答:

nn 个连续整数的和等于 nn 乘以它们的中位数。和为 1515 时,n=2n = 2 给出 7+87 + 8n=3n = 3 给出 4+5+64 + 5 + 6n=5n = 5 给出 1+2+3+4+51 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5

44 个连续整数不行,因为它们的和为偶数;66 个或更多连续正整数的和已经超过 1515。共有 33 组。

所以正确答案是 C

The sum of nn consecutive integers equals nn times their median. For a sum of 1515: n=2n = 2 gives 7+8,7 + 8, n=3n = 3 gives 4+5+6,4 + 5 + 6, and n=5n = 5 gives 1+2+3+4+5.1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5.

No set of 44 works (their sum is even), and 66 or more consecutive positive integers already exceed 15.15. There are 33 such sets.

Thus, the correct answer is C.

10.

对多少个实数 xx120x\sqrt{120 - \sqrt{x}} 是整数?

For how many real values of xx is 120x\sqrt{120 - \sqrt{x}} an integer?

33

66

99

1010

1111

答案:E
难度评级:1390
小提示:

k=120xk = \sqrt{120 - \sqrt{x}},并确定 kk 的范围。

Let k=120xk = \sqrt{120 - \sqrt{x}} and bound kk

大提示:

kk 是满足 0k100 \le k \le 10 的整数。

kk is an integer with 0k100 \le k \le 10

解答:

k=120xk = \sqrt{120 - \sqrt{x}}。因为 x0\sqrt{x} \ge 0,需要 0k1200 \le k \le \sqrt{120},所以 k{0,1,,10}k \in \{0, 1, \ldots, 10\},共有 1111 个可能。

每个 kk 给出 x=120k2\sqrt{x} = 120 - k^2,且 120k2120 - k^2 为正并严格递减,所以所得 x=(120k2)2x = (120 - k^2)^2 互不相同。

所以正确答案是 E

Let k=120x.k = \sqrt{120 - \sqrt{x}}. Since x0,\sqrt{x} \ge 0, we need 0k120,0 \le k \le \sqrt{120}, so k{0,1,,10},k \in \{0, 1, \ldots, 10\}, giving 1111 values.

Each kk yields x=120k2,\sqrt{x} = 120 - k^2, and since 120k2120 - k^2 is positive and strictly decreasing, the resulting values x=(120k2)2x = (120 - k^2)^2 are distinct.

Thus, the correct answer is E.

11.

下列哪一项描述方程 (x+y)2=x2+y2(x + y)^2 = x^2 + y^2 的图像?

Which of the following describes the graph of the equation (x+y)2=x2+y2?(x + y)^2 = x^2 + y^2?

空集

the empty set

一个点

one point

两条直线

two lines

一个圆

a circle

整个平面

the entire plane

答案:C
难度评级:1270
小提示:

展开 (x+y)2(x + y)^2 并化简。

Expand (x+y)2(x + y)^2 and simplify

大提示:

方程化简为 xy=0xy = 0

The equation reduces to xy=0xy = 0

解答:

展开得 x2+2xy+y2=x2+y2x^2 + 2xy + y^2 = x^2 + y^2,化简为 2xy=02xy = 0,也就是 xy=0xy = 0

这恰好在 x=0x = 0y=0y = 0 时成立,即两条坐标轴,所以图像是两条直线。

所以正确答案是 C

Expanding, x2+2xy+y2=x2+y2,x^2 + 2xy + y^2 = x^2 + y^2, which reduces to 2xy=0,2xy = 0, i.e. xy=0.xy = 0.

This holds exactly when x=0x = 0 or y=0,y = 0, the two coordinate axes, so the graph is two lines.

Thus, the correct answer is C.

12.

Rolly 想用一根 88 英尺长的绳子把他的狗拴在一个边长为 1616 英尺的正方形棚子上。他的初步图示如下。

哪一种安排让狗能活动的面积更大?大多少平方英尺?

Rolly wishes to secure his dog with an 88-foot rope to a square shed that is 1616 feet on each side. His preliminary drawings are shown.

Which of these arrangements gives the dog the greater area to roam, and by how many square feet?

I\mathrm{I},大 8π8\pi

I,\mathrm{I}, by 8π8\pi

I\mathrm{I},大 6π6\pi

I,\mathrm{I}, by 6π6\pi

II\mathrm{II},大 4π4\pi

II,\mathrm{II}, by 4π4\pi

II\mathrm{II},大 8π8\pi

II,\mathrm{II}, by 8π8\pi

II\mathrm{II},大 10π10\pi

II,\mathrm{II}, by 10π10\pi

答案:C
知识点:扇形圆面积
难度评级:1420
小提示:

每种情况下,狗都能在开阔一侧扫过半径为 88 的半圆。

In each case the dog sweeps a half-disk of radius 88 on the open side

大提示:

在安排 II 中,绳子还会绕过近处的角。

In arrangement II the rope also wraps around the near corner

解答:

安排 I 中,狗拴在一条边的中点,可以扫过半径为 88 的半圆,面积为 12π82=32π\frac12 \pi \cdot 8^2 = 32\pi。绳子正好够到角,所以不会绕过角。

安排 II 中,狗拴在离角 44 英尺处。它同样扫过 32π32\pi 的半圆;绳子到达角后还剩 44 英尺,可以扫过半径为 44 的四分之一圆,面积为 14π42=4π\frac14 \pi \cdot 4^2 = 4\pi

因此 II 的面积为 36π36\pi,比 I 多 4π4\pi

所以正确答案是 C

In arrangement I the dog is tied at the middle of a side and sweeps a half-disk of radius 88: area 12π82=32π.\frac12 \pi \cdot 8^2 = 32\pi. The rope reaches exactly to the corners, so nothing wraps.

In arrangement II the dog is tied 44 feet from a corner. It sweeps the same 32π32\pi half-disk, and after the rope reaches the corner, 44 feet remain to sweep a quarter-disk of radius 44: 14π42=4π.\frac14 \pi \cdot 4^2 = 4\pi.

So II gives 36π,36\pi, exceeding I by 4π.4\pi.

Thus, the correct answer is C.

13.

玩家支付 $5\$5 玩一个游戏。掷一个骰子。如果掷出的数是奇数,游戏失败。如果掷出的数是偶数,则再掷一次骰子。此时若第二次的数与第一次相同,玩家获胜,否则失败。若游戏公平,玩家获胜时应赢得多少钱?(在公平游戏中,获胜概率乘以奖金等于玩家应支付的费用。)

A player pays $5\$5 to play a game. A die is rolled. If the number on the die is odd, the game is lost. If the number on the die is even, the die is rolled again. In this case the player wins if the second number matches the first and loses otherwise. How much should the player win if the game is fair? (In a fair game the probability of winning times the amount won is what the player should pay.)

$12\$12

$30\$30

$50\$50

$60\$60

$100\$100

答案:D
难度评级:1390
小提示:

求获胜概率:第一次掷到偶数,然后第二次匹配。

Find the probability of winning: an even roll, then a matching roll

大提示:

获胜概率为 1216=112\frac12 \cdot \frac16 = \frac{1}{12};令“概率乘奖金”等于 55

The win probability is 1216=112;\frac12 \cdot \frac16 = \frac{1}{12}; set (probability)(prize) equal to 55

解答:

玩家只有在第一次掷到偶数(概率 12\frac12)且第二次与第一次相同(概率 16\frac16)时获胜,所以获胜概率为 1216=112\frac12 \cdot \frac16 = \frac{1}{12}

公平游戏满足 112x=5\frac{1}{12} x = 5,所以 x=60x = 60

所以正确答案是 D

The player wins only if the first roll is even (probability 12\frac12) and the second roll matches it (probability 16\frac16), so the win probability is 1216=112.\frac12 \cdot \frac16 = \frac{1}{12}.

For a fair game, 112x=5,\frac{1}{12} x = 5, so x=60.x = 60.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

14.

若干个相连的圆环挂在一个钉子上,每个圆环厚 11 厘米。最上面的圆环外径为 2020 厘米。其余每个圆环的外径都比它上方的圆环少 11 厘米。最下面的圆环外径为 33 厘米。从最上面圆环的顶部到最下面圆环的底部的距离是多少厘米?

A number of linked rings, each 11 cm thick, are hanging on a peg. The top ring has an outside diameter of 2020 cm. The outside diameter of each of the other rings is 11 cm less than that of the ring above it. The bottom ring has an outside diameter of 33 cm. What is the distance, in cm, from the top of the top ring to the bottom of the bottom ring?

171171

173173

182182

188188

210210

答案:B
知识点:等差数列求和
难度评级:1330
小提示:

每个较低圆环露出的部分等于它的外径减去与上方圆环重叠的 22 厘米。

The exposed part of each lower ring is its outside diameter minus the 22 cm of overlap with the ring above

大提示:

202017+16++117 + 16 + \cdots + 1 相加。

Add 2020 to 17+16++117 + 16 + \cdots + 1

解答:

最上面的圆环贡献完整外径 2020 厘米。因为圆环厚 11 厘米,每个圆环会比上方圆环的顶部低 22 厘米,所以每个较低圆环增加的是它的外径减去 22

外径依次为 20,19,,320, 19, \ldots, 3,所以下方各环增加的距离为 17,16,,117, 16, \ldots, 1。总距离为 20+(17+16++1)=20+17182=20+153=173 \begin{gathered} 20 + (17 + 16 + \cdots + 1) \\ = 20 + \frac{17 \cdot 18}{2} \\ = 20 + 153 \\ = 173 \end{gathered}\text{。}

所以正确答案是 B

The top ring contributes its full outside diameter, 2020 cm. Because the rings are 11 cm thick, each ring hangs 22 cm below the top of the ring above it, so each lower ring adds its outside diameter minus 2.2.

The outside diameters run 20,19,,3,20, 19, \ldots, 3, so the added distances are 17,16,,1.17, 16, \ldots, 1. The total is 20+(17+16++1)=20+17182=20+153=173. \begin{gathered} 20 + (17 + 16 + \cdots + 1) \\ = 20 + \frac{17 \cdot 18}{2} \\ = 20 + 153 \\ = 173. \end{gathered}

Thus, the correct answer is B.

15.

Odell 和 Kershaw 在圆形跑道上跑 3030 分钟。Odell 以每分钟 250250 米的速度顺时针跑,使用半径为 5050 米的内道。Kershaw 以每分钟 300300 米的速度逆时针跑,使用半径为 6060 米的外道,并与 Odell 从同一条半径线上开始。开始后他们相遇多少次?

Odell and Kershaw run for 3030 minutes on a circular track. Odell runs clockwise at 250250 m/min and uses the inner lane with a radius of 5050 meters. Kershaw runs counterclockwise at 300300 m/min and uses the outer lane with a radius of 6060 meters, starting on the same radial line as Odell. How many times after the start do they pass each other?

2929

4242

4545

4747

5050

答案:D
难度评级:1630
小提示:

计算每位跑者跑一圈所需时间;它们恰好相等。

Compute each runner’s time for one lap; they turn out equal

大提示:

反向跑时,每圈会相遇两次;再数 3030 分钟内能容纳多少次。

Running in opposite directions, they meet twice per lap; count how many laps fit in 3030 minutes

解答:

Odell 一圈为 2π(50)=100π2\pi(50) = 100\pi 米,速度为每分钟 250250 米,用时 100π250=0.4π\frac{100\pi}{250} = 0.4\pi 分钟。Kershaw 一圈为 2π(60)=120π2\pi(60) = 120\pi 米,速度为每分钟 300300 米,也用时 120π300=0.4π\frac{120\pi}{300} = 0.4\pi 分钟。

两人的单圈用时相同。由于他们反向跑,在 t=k2(0.4π)t = \frac{k}{2}(0.4\pi) 时相遇,其中 k=1,2,k = 1, 2, \ldots。条件 t30t \le 30 给出 k600.4π=150π47.7k \le \frac{60}{0.4\pi} = \frac{150}{\pi} \approx 47.7,所以他们共相遇 4747 次。

所以正确答案是 D

Odell’s lap is 2π(50)=100π2\pi(50) = 100\pi m at 250250 m/min, taking 100π250=0.4π\frac{100\pi}{250} = 0.4\pi min. Kershaw’s lap is 2π(60)=120π2\pi(60) = 120\pi m at 300300 m/min, also 120π300=0.4π\frac{120\pi}{300} = 0.4\pi min.

Their periods are equal. Running in opposite directions, they meet at times t=k2(0.4π)t = \frac{k}{2}(0.4\pi) for k=1,2,k = 1, 2, \ldots Requiring t30t \le 30 gives k600.4π=150π47.7,k \le \frac{60}{0.4\pi} = \frac{150}{\pi} \approx 47.7, so they pass 4747 times.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

16.

一个半径为 11 的圆与一个半径为 22 的圆相切。如图,ABC\triangle ABC 的各边与这两个圆相切,且边 ABABACAC 全等。ABC\triangle ABC 的面积是多少?

A circle of radius 11 is tangent to a circle of radius 2.2. The sides of ABC\triangle ABC are tangent to the circles as shown, and the sides ABAB and ACAC are congruent. What is the area of ABC?\triangle ABC?

352\dfrac{35}{2}

15215\sqrt{2}

643\dfrac{64}{3}

16216\sqrt{2}

2424

答案:D
难度评级:1720
小提示:

OOOO' 为圆心;沿 ACAC 截出的直角三角形相似。

Let OO and OO' be the centers; the right triangles cut off along ACAC are similar

大提示:

两个圆心到 AA 的距离分别为 3366,底边到 AA 的距离为 88

The centers lie 33 and 66 from A,A, and the base is 88 below AA

解答:

O,OO, O' 为小圆和大圆的圆心,设 DD 为小圆与 ACAC 的切点。沿 ACAC 截出的直角三角形相似,所以 AO1=AO+32\frac{AO}{1} = \frac{AO + 3}{2},得到 AO=3AO = 3AO=6AO' = 6

切线长 AD=AO212AD = \sqrt{AO^2 - 1^2} =3212= \sqrt{3^2 - 1^2} =22= 2\sqrt2。设 FFBCBC 的中点,则 AF=AO+2=8AF = AO' + 2 = 8

因为 ADOAFC\triangle ADO \sim \triangle AFC,有 FC1=AF22=822=22\frac{FC}{1} = \frac{AF}{2\sqrt2} = \frac{8}{2\sqrt2} = 2\sqrt2。因此 BC=42BC = 4\sqrt2,面积为 12BCAF\frac12 \cdot BC \cdot AF =12428= \frac12 \cdot 4\sqrt2 \cdot 8 =162= 16\sqrt2

所以正确答案是 D

Let O,OO, O' be the centers of the small and large circles, and let DD be the point where the small circle touches AC.AC. The right triangles cut off along ACAC are similar, so AO1=AO+32,\frac{AO}{1} = \frac{AO + 3}{2}, giving AO=3AO = 3 and AO=6.AO' = 6.

The tangent length is AD=AO212AD = \sqrt{AO^2 - 1^2} =3212= \sqrt{3^2 - 1^2} =22.= 2\sqrt2. Let FF be the midpoint of BCBC; then AF=AO+2=8.AF = AO' + 2 = 8.

Since ADOAFC,\triangle ADO \sim \triangle AFC, we get FC1=AF22=822=22.\frac{FC}{1} = \frac{AF}{2\sqrt2} = \frac{8}{2\sqrt2} = 2\sqrt2. Thus BC=42,BC = 4\sqrt2, and the area is 12BCAF\frac12 \cdot BC \cdot AF =12428= \frac12 \cdot 4\sqrt2 \cdot 8 =162.= 16\sqrt2.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

17.

在矩形 ADEHADEH 中,点 BBCC 三等分 AD\overline{AD},点 GGFF 三等分 HE\overline{HE}。此外,AH=AC=2AH = AC = 2。图中四边形 WXYZWXYZ 的面积是多少?

In rectangle ADEH,ADEH, points BB and CC trisect AD,\overline{AD}, and points GG and FF trisect HE.\overline{HE}. In addition, AH=AC=2.AH = AC = 2. What is the area of quadrilateral WXYZWXYZ shown in the figure?

12\dfrac{1}{2}

22\dfrac{\sqrt{2}}{2}

32\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{2}

223\dfrac{2\sqrt{2}}{3}

233\dfrac{2\sqrt{3}}{3}

答案:A
难度评级:1540
小提示:

AB=BC=CD=1AB = BC = CD = 1AH=2AH = 2 建立坐标。

Assign coordinates using AB=BC=CD=1AB = BC = CD = 1 and AH=2AH = 2

大提示:

WXYZWXYZ 是一个正方形;求它的对角线。

WXYZWXYZ is a square; find its diagonals

解答:

A=(0,0)A = (0, 0)D=(3,0)D = (3, 0)H=(0,2)H = (0, 2),则 B=(1,0)B = (1, 0)C=(2,0)C = (2, 0)G=(1,2)G = (1, 2)F=(2,2)F = (2, 2)E=(3,2)E = (3, 2)

图中线段交于 W=(1.5,1.5)W = (1.5, 1.5)X=(1,1)X = (1, 1)Y=(1.5,0.5)Y = (1.5, 0.5)Z=(2,1)Z = (2, 1)。这些点形成一个正方形,其互相垂直的对角线 WYWYXZXZ 的长度都为 11

面积为 1211=12\frac12 \cdot 1 \cdot 1 = \frac12

所以正确答案是 A

Set A=(0,0),A = (0, 0), D=(3,0),D = (3, 0), H=(0,2),H = (0, 2), so B=(1,0),B = (1, 0), C=(2,0),C = (2, 0), G=(1,2),G = (1, 2), F=(2,2),F = (2, 2), and E=(3,2).E = (3, 2).

The drawn segments meet at W=(1.5,1.5),W = (1.5, 1.5), X=(1,1),X = (1, 1), Y=(1.5,0.5),Y = (1.5, 0.5), and Z=(2,1).Z = (2, 1). These form a square whose perpendicular diagonals WYWY and XZXZ each have length 1.1.

Its area is 1211=12.\frac12 \cdot 1 \cdot 1 = \frac12.

Thus, the correct answer is A.

18.

某州的车牌由 44 个数字和 22 个字母组成,数字不要求互异,字母也不要求互异。这六个字符可以以任意顺序出现,但两个字母必须相邻。共有多少种不同车牌?

A license plate in a certain state consists of 44 digits, not necessarily distinct, and 22 letters, also not necessarily distinct. These six characters may appear in any order, except that the two letters must appear next to each other. How many distinct license plates are possible?

10426210^4 \cdot 26^2

10326310^3 \cdot 26^3

51042625 \cdot 10^4 \cdot 26^2

10226410^2 \cdot 26^4

51032635 \cdot 10^3 \cdot 26^3

答案:C
难度评级:1450
小提示:

把两个相邻字母粘成一个整体。

Glue the two letters into a single block that moves as a unit

大提示:

分别数数字选择、字母选择,以及这个整体的位置。

Count digit choices, letter choices, and positions for the block

解答:

因为两个字母必须相邻,把它们看作一个整体。车牌于是由 44 个数字加上这个字母整体组成,共 55 个对象,而字母整体可以占 55 个位置。

数字有 10410^4 种选择,两个字母有 26226^2 种选择,所以总数为 51042625 \cdot 10^4 \cdot 26^2

所以正确答案是 C

Since the two letters must be adjacent, treat them as one block. A plate is then 44 digits plus this block—55 objects—and the block can occupy 55 positions.

There are 10410^4 choices for the digits and 26226^2 for the two letters, so the total is 5104262.5 \cdot 10^4 \cdot 26^2.

Thus, the correct answer is C.

19.

有多少个互不相似的三角形,其三个角的度数是互不相同的正整数,并且成等差数列?

How many non-similar triangles have angles whose degree measures are distinct positive integers in arithmetic progression?

00

11

5959

8989

178178

答案:C
难度评级:1630
小提示:

如果三个角成等差数列,中间角为 6060^\circ

If the angles are in arithmetic progression, the middle angle is 6060^\circ

大提示:

公差 dd 满足 1d591 \le d \le 59

The common difference dd satisfies 1d591 \le d \le 59

解答:

设三个角为 ndn - dnnn+dn + d。它们的和为 3n=1803n = 180,所以 n=60n = 60

角度是互不相同的正整数,所以 d1d \ge 1,且 nd>0n - d \gt 0 迫使 d<60d \lt 60。因此 d{1,2,,59}d \in \{1, 2, \ldots, 59\},给出 5959 个互不相似的三角形。

所以正确答案是 C

Let the angles be nd,n - d, n,n, n+d.n + d. Their sum is 3n=180,3n = 180, so n=60.n = 60.

The measures are distinct positive integers, so d1,d \ge 1, and nd>0n - d \gt 0 forces d<60.d \lt 60. Thus d{1,2,,59},d \in \{1, 2, \ldots, 59\}, giving 5959 non-similar triangles.

Thus, the correct answer is C.

20.

1120062006(含端点)之间随机选择六个互不相同的正整数。某一对整数的差是 55 的倍数的概率是多少?

Six distinct positive integers are randomly chosen between 11 and 2006,2006, inclusive. What is the probability that some pair of these integers has a difference that is a multiple of 5?5?

12\dfrac{1}{2}

35\dfrac{3}{5}

23\dfrac{2}{3}

45\dfrac{4}{5}

11

答案:E
难度评级:1510
小提示:

考虑这些整数除以 55 的余数。

Consider the remainders when the integers are divided by 55

大提示:

66 个整数只有 55 种可能余数。

There are only 55 possible remainders for 66 integers

解答:

按模 55 的余数给整数分组。可能余数只有 55 种,但有 66 个整数,所以根据鸽巢原理,必有两个整数余数相同。

它们的差就是 55 的倍数。这一定发生,所以概率为 11

所以正确答案是 E

Group the integers by their remainder modulo 5.5. There are only 55 possible remainders but 66 integers, so by the Pigeonhole Principle two share a remainder.

Their difference is then a multiple of 5.5. This always happens, so the probability is 1.1.

Thus, the correct answer is E.

21.

有多少个四位正整数至少有一位数字是 2233

How many four-digit positive integers have at least one digit that is a 22 or a 3?3?

24392439

40964096

49034903

49044904

54165416

答案:E
知识点:补集计数数字
难度评级:1450
小提示:

计算补集:没有 22 也没有 33 的四位数。

Count the complement: four-digit numbers with no 22 and no 33

大提示:

首位有 77 种选择;其余每位有 88 种选择。

The leading digit has 77 choices; each other digit has 88

解答:

四位正整数共有 90009000 个。若避开 2233,首位可从 {1,4,5,6,7,8,9}\{1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9\} 中选择,有 77 种;其余每位可从 {0,1,4,5,6,7,8,9}\{0, 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9\} 中选择,有 88 种,共有 783=35847 \cdot 8^3 = 3584 个。

因此至少有一位是 2233 的有 90003584=54169000 - 3584 = 5416 个。

所以正确答案是 E

There are 90009000 four-digit integers. For those avoiding 22 and 3,3, the leading digit is one of {1,4,5,6,7,8,9}\{1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9\} (77 choices) and each remaining digit is one of {0,1,4,5,6,7,8,9}\{0, 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9\} (88 choices): 783=3584.7 \cdot 8^3 = 3584.

So 90003584=54169000 - 3584 = 5416 have at least one 22 or 3.3.

Thus, the correct answer is E.

22.

两位农夫约定猪值 $300\$300,山羊值 $210\$210。当一位农夫欠另一位钱时,他用猪或山羊偿还,并可按需要以山羊或猪的形式收取“找零”。(例如,$390\$390 的债可以用两头猪支付,并收回一只山羊作为找零。)用这种方式可以结清的最小正债务金额是多少?

Two farmers agree that pigs are worth $300\$300 and that goats are worth $210.\$210. When one farmer owes the other money, he pays the debt in pigs or goats, with “change” received in the form of goats or pigs as necessary. (For example, a $390\$390 debt could be paid with two pigs, with one goat received in change.) What is the amount of the smallest positive debt that can be resolved in this way?

$5\$5

$10\$10

$30\$30

$90\$90

$210\$210

答案:C
难度评级:1630
小提示:

可结清的债务形如 300p+210g300p + 210g,其中 ppgg 为整数(可为负)。

A resolvable debt is 300p+210g300p + 210g for integers p,p, gg (possibly negative)

大提示:

它等于 30(10p+7g)30(10p + 7g),且 gcd(10,7)=1\gcd(10, 7) = 1

This equals 30(10p+7g),30(10p + 7g), and gcd(10,7)=1\gcd(10, 7) = 1

解答:

可结清的债务可写为 D=300p+210gD = 300p + 210g,其中 ppgg 为整数,负值表示收到找零。因为 D=30(10p+7g)D = 30(10p + 7g),且 gcd(10,7)=1\gcd(10, 7) = 1,所以 10p+7g10p + 7g 可以是任意整数,故 DD 可以是任意 3030 的倍数。

最小的正数是 3030,因为 30=300(2)+210(3)30 = 300(-2) + 210(3),也就是交出 33 只山羊并找回 22 只猪。

所以正确答案是 C

A resolvable debt is D=300p+210gD = 300p + 210g for integers p,p, g,g, where a negative value means change received. Since D=30(10p+7g)D = 30(10p + 7g) and gcd(10,7)=1,\gcd(10, 7) = 1, the value 10p+7g10p + 7g can be any integer, so DD is any multiple of 30.30.

The smallest positive one is 30,30, achieved by 30=300(2)+210(3)30 = 300(-2) + 210(3) (give 33 goats, receive 22 pigs).

Thus, the correct answer is C.

23.

圆心为 AABB 的两个圆半径分别为 3388,如图,一条公内切线分别在 CCDD 处与两圆相切。直线 ABABCDCD 交于 EE,且 AE=5AE = 5CDCD 是多少?

Circles with centers AA and BB have radii 33 and 8,8, respectively. A common internal tangent touches the circles at CC and D,D, as shown. Lines ABAB and CDCD intersect at E,E, and AE=5.AE = 5. What is CD?CD?

1313

443\dfrac{44}{3}

221\sqrt{221}

255\sqrt{255}

553\dfrac{55}{3}

答案:B
难度评级:1720
小提示:

半径 ACACBDBD 都垂直于切线 CDCD

Radii ACAC and BDBD are perpendicular to the tangent CDCD

大提示:

ACEBDE\triangle ACE \sim \triangle BDE;先求 CECE

ACEBDE\triangle ACE \sim \triangle BDE; first find CECE

解答:

因为 ACCDAC \perp CD,所以 CE=AE2AC2CE = \sqrt{AE^2 - AC^2} =259= \sqrt{25 - 9} =4= 4

由于 ACEBDE\triangle ACE \sim \triangle BDE,有 DECE=BDAC\frac{DE}{CE} = \frac{BD}{AC},所以 DE=483=323DE = 4 \cdot \frac{8}{3} = \frac{32}{3}

因此 CD=CE+DECD = CE + DE =4+323= 4 + \frac{32}{3} =443= \frac{44}{3}

所以正确答案是 B

Since ACCD,AC \perp CD, we have CE=AE2AC2CE = \sqrt{AE^2 - AC^2} =259= \sqrt{25 - 9} =4.= 4.

Because ACEBDE,\triangle ACE \sim \triangle BDE, DECE=BDAC,\frac{DE}{CE} = \frac{BD}{AC}, so DE=483=323.DE = 4 \cdot \frac{8}{3} = \frac{32}{3}.

Then CD=CE+DECD = CE + DE =4+323= 4 + \frac{32}{3} =443.= \frac{44}{3}.

Thus, the correct answer is B.

24.

连接一个单位立方体相邻面的中心,形成一个正八面体。这个八面体的体积是多少?

Centers of adjacent faces of a unit cube are joined to form a regular octahedron. What is the volume of this octahedron?

18\dfrac{1}{8}

16\dfrac{1}{6}

14\dfrac{1}{4}

13\dfrac{1}{3}

12\dfrac{1}{2}

答案:B
难度评级:1760
小提示:

这个八面体可以看成两个底面相贴的正方形棱锥。

The octahedron is two square pyramids glued at their bases

大提示:

相邻面中心之间的距离为 22\frac{\sqrt2}{2};求底面积和高。

Adjacent face-centers are 22\frac{\sqrt2}{2} apart; find the base area and height

解答:

六个面中心形成一个正八面体,可看成两个全等的正方形棱锥共用底面。相邻面中心距离为 22\frac{\sqrt2}{2},所以正方形底面面积为 (22)2=12\left(\frac{\sqrt2}{2}\right)^2 = \frac12

每个棱锥高为 12\frac12,体积为 131212=112\frac13 \cdot \frac12 \cdot \frac12 = \frac{1}{12}。八面体体积为 2112=162 \cdot \frac{1}{12} = \frac16

所以正确答案是 B

The six face centers form a regular octahedron, viewed as two congruent square pyramids sharing a base. Adjacent face centers are 22\frac{\sqrt2}{2} apart, so the square base has area (22)2=12.\left(\frac{\sqrt2}{2}\right)^2 = \frac12.

Each pyramid has height 12,\frac12, so its volume is 131212=112.\frac13 \cdot \frac12 \cdot \frac12 = \frac{1}{12}. The octahedron has volume 2112=16.2 \cdot \frac{1}{12} = \frac16.

Thus, the correct answer is B.

25.

一只虫子从立方体的一个顶点出发,并按照以下规则沿立方体的边移动。在每个顶点,虫子会从该顶点发出的三条边中选择一条走。每条边被选中的概率相等,且所有选择相互独立。经过七次移动后,虫子恰好访问每个顶点一次的概率是多少?

A bug starts at one vertex of a cube and moves along the edges of the cube according to the following rule. At each vertex the bug will choose to travel along one of the three edges emanating from that vertex. Each edge has equal probability of being chosen, and all choices are independent. What is the probability that after seven moves the bug will have visited every vertex exactly once?

12187\dfrac{1}{2187}

1729\dfrac{1}{729}

2243\dfrac{2}{243}

181\dfrac{1}{81}

5243\dfrac{5}{243}

答案:C
难度评级:2120
小提示:

虫子必须走出一条访问全部 88 个顶点的路径,也就是 77 条边且没有重复顶点。

The bug must trace a path visiting all 88 vertices, i.e. 77 moves with no repeated vertices

大提示:

从起点数这样的路径;所有 373^7 条行走路径等可能。

Count such paths from the start; there are 373^7 equally likely walks

解答:

经过 77 次移动共有 37=21873^7 = 2187 条等可能路径。成功路径会恰好访问每个顶点一次。

用二进制三元组标记立方体的顶点,使相邻顶点恰好有一个坐标不同。从起点出发,第一步有 33 种选择;若虫子不返回起点,第二步有 22 种选择。由对称性,可将前两步固定为 000100110000\to100\to110

成功的后续路线恰好为 110111101001011010 \begin{aligned} 110&\to111\to101\\ &\to001\to011\to010 \end{aligned}\text{、}110010011001101111 \begin{aligned} 110&\to010\to011\\ &\to001\to101\to111 \end{aligned} 110010011111101001 \begin{aligned} 110&\to010\to011\\ &\to111\to101\to001 \end{aligned}\text{。}因此,每一组允许的前两步都有 33 条成功的后续路线,共有 323=183\cdot2\cdot3=18 条成功路径。

概率为 182187=2243\frac{18}{2187} = \frac{2}{243}

所以正确答案是 C

After 77 moves there are 37=21873^7 = 2187 equally likely walks. A successful walk visits every vertex exactly once.

Label the cube’s vertices by binary triples, with adjacent vertices differing in one coordinate. There are 33 choices for the first move and 22 for the second move if the bug is not to return to its starting point. By symmetry, fix these first moves as 000100110.000\to100\to110.

The successful continuations are exactly 110111101001011010, \begin{aligned} 110&\to111\to101\\ &\to001\to011\to010, \end{aligned} 110010011001101111, \begin{aligned} 110&\to010\to011\\ &\to001\to101\to111, \end{aligned} and 110010011111101001. \begin{aligned} 110&\to010\to011\\ &\to111\to101\to001. \end{aligned} Thus each allowed pair of first moves has 33 successful continuations, giving 323=183\cdot2\cdot3=18 successful walks.

The probability is 182187=2243.\frac{18}{2187} = \frac{2}{243}.

Thus, the correct answer is C.