2006 AMC 10A 真题
计时
1:15:00
1.
Joe’s Fast Food 的三明治每个 ,汽水每杯 。购买 个三明治和 杯汽水需要多少美元?
Sandwiches at Joe’s Fast Food cost each and sodas cost each. How many dollars will it cost to purchase sandwiches and sodas?
2.
3.
Mary 的年龄与 Alice 的年龄之比为 。Alice 今年 岁。Mary 今年多少岁?
The ratio of Mary’s age to Alice’s age is Alice is years old. How many years old is Mary?
4.
一个电子表显示小时和分钟,并标明上午或下午。显示内容中所有数字之和的最大可能值是多少?
A digital watch displays hours and minutes with am and pm. What is the largest possible sum of the digits in the display?
小提示:
这个显示使用 小时制,所以小时是 到 。
The display uses a -hour clock, so the hour is through
大提示:
分别让分钟数字和与小时数字和尽可能大。
Maximize the minutes’ digit sum and the hour’s digit sum separately
解答:
分钟从 到 ,所以分钟的最大数字和为 ,出现在 分。
对小时而言,单个数字 比 的 更大。最大总和为 ,出现在 。
所以正确答案是 E。
The minutes run from to so the largest digit sum for the minutes is at minutes.
For the hour, the single digit beats from The largest total is occurring at
Thus, the correct answer is E.
5.
Doug 和 Dave 分享一个切成 块等大的披萨。Doug 想要普通披萨,但 Dave 想在半个披萨上加凤尾鱼。普通披萨价格为 ,在半个披萨上加凤尾鱼另收 。Dave 吃了所有加凤尾鱼的披萨块和一块普通披萨。Doug 吃了剩下的部分。两人各自按自己吃的部分付钱。Dave 比 Doug 多付多少美元?
Doug and Dave shared a pizza with equally-sized slices. Doug wanted a plain pizza, but Dave wanted anchovies on half of the pizza. The cost of a plain pizza was and there was an additional cost of for putting anchovies on one half. Dave ate all the slices of anchovy pizza and one plain slice. Doug ate the remainder. Each then paid for what he had eaten. How many more dollars did Dave pay than Doug?
小提示:
普通披萨 有 块,所以每块 。
A plain pizza costs for slices, so each slice is
大提示:
Dave 吃了五块,还要支付凤尾鱼的全部 额外费用。
Dave also pays the full for the anchovies on top of his five slices
解答:
披萨共有 块,所以每块披萨的普通价格是 。Dave 吃了 块,并支付凤尾鱼的额外 ,总共 美元。
Doug 吃了 块,付 美元。因此 Dave 多付 美元。
所以正确答案是 D。
Each of the slices costs Dave ate slices and also pays the extra for the anchovies, for a total of dollars.
Doug ate slices, paying dollars. So Dave paid dollars more.
Thus, the correct answer is D.
6.
哪个非零实数 满足 ?
What non-zero real value for satisfies
7.
如图, 的矩形 被切成两个全等六边形,使得这两个六边形可以无重叠地重新摆成一个正方形。 是多少?
The rectangle is cut into two congruent hexagons, as shown, in such a way that the two hexagons can be repositioned without overlap to form a square. What is
小提示:
两个六边形组成的正方形与原矩形面积相同。
The two hexagons form a square with the same area as the rectangle
大提示:
矩形面积为 ,所以正方形边长为 。
The rectangle has area so the square has side
解答:
长方形的面积是 ,所以拼成的正方形边长为 。
设 和 分别为阶梯形切口的上端点和下端点。为了使两个全等部分拼成正方形,三个水平线段 、中间长为 的线段和 必须相等。它们合起来横跨长方形的宽,所以 给出 ,从而 。的确,所得正方形的边长为 ,与面积计算一致。
所以正确答案是 A。
The rectangle’s area is so the square formed has side
Let and be the upper and lower endpoints of the stair-step cut. For the two congruent pieces to fit into a square, the three horizontal segments the middle segment of length and must be equal. Together they span the rectangle’s width, so gives and Indeed, the resulting square has side agreeing with the area calculation.
Thus, the correct answer is A.
8.
抛物线 经过点 和 。求 。
A parabola with equation passes through the points and What is
9.
有多少组两个或更多连续正整数的和为 ?
How many sets of two or more consecutive positive integers have a sum of
小提示:
个连续整数的和等于 乘以它们的中间值。
The sum of consecutive integers is times the middle value
大提示:
检查 。
Check
解答:
个连续整数的和等于 乘以它们的中位数。和为 时, 给出 , 给出 , 给出 。
个连续整数不行,因为它们的和为偶数; 个或更多连续正整数的和已经超过 。共有 组。
所以正确答案是 C。
The sum of consecutive integers equals times their median. For a sum of : gives gives and gives
No set of works (their sum is even), and or more consecutive positive integers already exceed There are such sets.
Thus, the correct answer is C.
10.
对多少个实数 , 是整数?
For how many real values of is an integer?
小提示:
令 ,并确定 的范围。
Let and bound
大提示:
是满足 的整数。
is an integer with
解答:
令 。因为 ,需要 ,所以 ,共有 个可能。
每个 给出 ,且 为正并严格递减,所以所得 互不相同。
所以正确答案是 E。
Let Since we need so giving values.
Each yields and since is positive and strictly decreasing, the resulting values are distinct.
Thus, the correct answer is E.
11.
下列哪一项描述方程 的图像?
Which of the following describes the graph of the equation
空集
the empty set
一个点
one point
两条直线
two lines
一个圆
a circle
整个平面
the entire plane
12.
Rolly 想用一根 英尺长的绳子把他的狗拴在一个边长为 英尺的正方形棚子上。他的初步图示如下。
哪一种安排让狗能活动的面积更大?大多少平方英尺?
Rolly wishes to secure his dog with an -foot rope to a square shed that is feet on each side. His preliminary drawings are shown.
Which of these arrangements gives the dog the greater area to roam, and by how many square feet?
,大
by
,大
by
,大
by
,大
by
,大
by
小提示:
每种情况下,狗都能在开阔一侧扫过半径为 的半圆。
In each case the dog sweeps a half-disk of radius on the open side
大提示:
在安排 II 中,绳子还会绕过近处的角。
In arrangement II the rope also wraps around the near corner
解答:
安排 I 中,狗拴在一条边的中点,可以扫过半径为 的半圆,面积为 。绳子正好够到角,所以不会绕过角。
安排 II 中,狗拴在离角 英尺处。它同样扫过 的半圆;绳子到达角后还剩 英尺,可以扫过半径为 的四分之一圆,面积为 。
因此 II 的面积为 ,比 I 多 。
所以正确答案是 C。
In arrangement I the dog is tied at the middle of a side and sweeps a half-disk of radius : area The rope reaches exactly to the corners, so nothing wraps.
In arrangement II the dog is tied feet from a corner. It sweeps the same half-disk, and after the rope reaches the corner, feet remain to sweep a quarter-disk of radius :
So II gives exceeding I by
Thus, the correct answer is C.
13.
玩家支付 玩一个游戏。掷一个骰子。如果掷出的数是奇数,游戏失败。如果掷出的数是偶数,则再掷一次骰子。此时若第二次的数与第一次相同,玩家获胜,否则失败。若游戏公平,玩家获胜时应赢得多少钱?(在公平游戏中,获胜概率乘以奖金等于玩家应支付的费用。)
A player pays to play a game. A die is rolled. If the number on the die is odd, the game is lost. If the number on the die is even, the die is rolled again. In this case the player wins if the second number matches the first and loses otherwise. How much should the player win if the game is fair? (In a fair game the probability of winning times the amount won is what the player should pay.)
小提示:
求获胜概率:第一次掷到偶数,然后第二次匹配。
Find the probability of winning: an even roll, then a matching roll
大提示:
获胜概率为 ;令“概率乘奖金”等于 。
The win probability is set (probability)(prize) equal to
解答:
玩家只有在第一次掷到偶数(概率 )且第二次与第一次相同(概率 )时获胜,所以获胜概率为 。
公平游戏满足 ,所以 。
所以正确答案是 D。
The player wins only if the first roll is even (probability ) and the second roll matches it (probability ), so the win probability is
For a fair game, so
Thus, the correct answer is D.
14.
若干个相连的圆环挂在一个钉子上,每个圆环厚 厘米。最上面的圆环外径为 厘米。其余每个圆环的外径都比它上方的圆环少 厘米。最下面的圆环外径为 厘米。从最上面圆环的顶部到最下面圆环的底部的距离是多少厘米?
A number of linked rings, each cm thick, are hanging on a peg. The top ring has an outside diameter of cm. The outside diameter of each of the other rings is cm less than that of the ring above it. The bottom ring has an outside diameter of cm. What is the distance, in cm, from the top of the top ring to the bottom of the bottom ring?
小提示:
每个较低圆环露出的部分等于它的外径减去与上方圆环重叠的 厘米。
The exposed part of each lower ring is its outside diameter minus the cm of overlap with the ring above
大提示:
将 与 相加。
Add to
解答:
最上面的圆环贡献完整外径 厘米。因为圆环厚 厘米,每个圆环会比上方圆环的顶部低 厘米,所以每个较低圆环增加的是它的外径减去 。
外径依次为 ,所以下方各环增加的距离为 。总距离为
所以正确答案是 B。
The top ring contributes its full outside diameter, cm. Because the rings are cm thick, each ring hangs cm below the top of the ring above it, so each lower ring adds its outside diameter minus
The outside diameters run so the added distances are The total is
Thus, the correct answer is B.
15.
Odell 和 Kershaw 在圆形跑道上跑 分钟。Odell 以每分钟 米的速度顺时针跑,使用半径为 米的内道。Kershaw 以每分钟 米的速度逆时针跑,使用半径为 米的外道,并与 Odell 从同一条半径线上开始。开始后他们相遇多少次?
Odell and Kershaw run for minutes on a circular track. Odell runs clockwise at m/min and uses the inner lane with a radius of meters. Kershaw runs counterclockwise at m/min and uses the outer lane with a radius of meters, starting on the same radial line as Odell. How many times after the start do they pass each other?
小提示:
计算每位跑者跑一圈所需时间;它们恰好相等。
Compute each runner’s time for one lap; they turn out equal
大提示:
反向跑时,每圈会相遇两次;再数 分钟内能容纳多少次。
Running in opposite directions, they meet twice per lap; count how many laps fit in minutes
解答:
Odell 一圈为 米,速度为每分钟 米,用时 分钟。Kershaw 一圈为 米,速度为每分钟 米,也用时 分钟。
两人的单圈用时相同。由于他们反向跑,在 时相遇,其中 。条件 给出 ,所以他们共相遇 次。
所以正确答案是 D。
Odell’s lap is m at m/min, taking min. Kershaw’s lap is m at m/min, also min.
Their periods are equal. Running in opposite directions, they meet at times for Requiring gives so they pass times.
Thus, the correct answer is D.
16.
一个半径为 的圆与一个半径为 的圆相切。如图, 的各边与这两个圆相切,且边 与 全等。 的面积是多少?
A circle of radius is tangent to a circle of radius The sides of are tangent to the circles as shown, and the sides and are congruent. What is the area of
小提示:
设 和 为圆心;沿 截出的直角三角形相似。
Let and be the centers; the right triangles cut off along are similar
大提示:
两个圆心到 的距离分别为 和 ,底边到 的距离为 。
The centers lie and from and the base is below
解答:
设 为小圆和大圆的圆心,设 为小圆与 的切点。沿 截出的直角三角形相似,所以 ,得到 且 。
切线长 。设 为 的中点,则 。
因为 ,有 。因此 ,面积为 。
所以正确答案是 D。
Let be the centers of the small and large circles, and let be the point where the small circle touches The right triangles cut off along are similar, so giving and
The tangent length is Let be the midpoint of ; then
Since we get Thus and the area is
Thus, the correct answer is D.
17.
在矩形 中,点 和 三等分 ,点 和 三等分 。此外,。图中四边形 的面积是多少?
In rectangle points and trisect and points and trisect In addition, What is the area of quadrilateral shown in the figure?
小提示:
用 和 建立坐标。
Assign coordinates using and
大提示:
是一个正方形;求它的对角线。
is a square; find its diagonals
解答:
设 、、,则 、、、、。
图中线段交于 ,,,。这些点形成一个正方形,其互相垂直的对角线 和 的长度都为 。
面积为 。
所以正确答案是 A。
Set so and
The drawn segments meet at and These form a square whose perpendicular diagonals and each have length
Its area is
Thus, the correct answer is A.
18.
某州的车牌由 个数字和 个字母组成,数字不要求互异,字母也不要求互异。这六个字符可以以任意顺序出现,但两个字母必须相邻。共有多少种不同车牌?
A license plate in a certain state consists of digits, not necessarily distinct, and letters, also not necessarily distinct. These six characters may appear in any order, except that the two letters must appear next to each other. How many distinct license plates are possible?
小提示:
把两个相邻字母粘成一个整体。
Glue the two letters into a single block that moves as a unit
大提示:
分别数数字选择、字母选择,以及这个整体的位置。
Count digit choices, letter choices, and positions for the block
解答:
因为两个字母必须相邻,把它们看作一个整体。车牌于是由 个数字加上这个字母整体组成,共 个对象,而字母整体可以占 个位置。
数字有 种选择,两个字母有 种选择,所以总数为 。
所以正确答案是 C。
Since the two letters must be adjacent, treat them as one block. A plate is then digits plus this block— objects—and the block can occupy positions.
There are choices for the digits and for the two letters, so the total is
Thus, the correct answer is C.
19.
有多少个互不相似的三角形,其三个角的度数是互不相同的正整数,并且成等差数列?
How many non-similar triangles have angles whose degree measures are distinct positive integers in arithmetic progression?
小提示:
如果三个角成等差数列,中间角为 。
If the angles are in arithmetic progression, the middle angle is
大提示:
公差 满足 。
The common difference satisfies
解答:
设三个角为 ,,。它们的和为 ,所以 。
角度是互不相同的正整数,所以 ,且 迫使 。因此 ,给出 个互不相似的三角形。
所以正确答案是 C。
Let the angles be Their sum is so
The measures are distinct positive integers, so and forces Thus giving non-similar triangles.
Thus, the correct answer is C.
20.
从 到 (含端点)之间随机选择六个互不相同的正整数。某一对整数的差是 的倍数的概率是多少?
Six distinct positive integers are randomly chosen between and inclusive. What is the probability that some pair of these integers has a difference that is a multiple of
小提示:
考虑这些整数除以 的余数。
Consider the remainders when the integers are divided by
大提示:
个整数只有 种可能余数。
There are only possible remainders for integers
解答:
按模 的余数给整数分组。可能余数只有 种,但有 个整数,所以根据鸽巢原理,必有两个整数余数相同。
它们的差就是 的倍数。这一定发生,所以概率为 。
所以正确答案是 E。
Group the integers by their remainder modulo There are only possible remainders but integers, so by the Pigeonhole Principle two share a remainder.
Their difference is then a multiple of This always happens, so the probability is
Thus, the correct answer is E.
21.
有多少个四位正整数至少有一位数字是 或 ?
How many four-digit positive integers have at least one digit that is a or a
小提示:
计算补集:没有 也没有 的四位数。
Count the complement: four-digit numbers with no and no
大提示:
首位有 种选择;其余每位有 种选择。
The leading digit has choices; each other digit has
解答:
四位正整数共有 个。若避开 和 ,首位可从 中选择,有 种;其余每位可从 中选择,有 种,共有 个。
因此至少有一位是 或 的有 个。
所以正确答案是 E。
There are four-digit integers. For those avoiding and the leading digit is one of ( choices) and each remaining digit is one of ( choices):
So have at least one or
Thus, the correct answer is E.
22.
两位农夫约定猪值 ,山羊值 。当一位农夫欠另一位钱时,他用猪或山羊偿还,并可按需要以山羊或猪的形式收取“找零”。(例如, 的债可以用两头猪支付,并收回一只山羊作为找零。)用这种方式可以结清的最小正债务金额是多少?
Two farmers agree that pigs are worth and that goats are worth When one farmer owes the other money, he pays the debt in pigs or goats, with “change” received in the form of goats or pigs as necessary. (For example, a debt could be paid with two pigs, with one goat received in change.) What is the amount of the smallest positive debt that can be resolved in this way?
小提示:
可结清的债务形如 ,其中 、 为整数(可为负)。
A resolvable debt is for integers (possibly negative)
大提示:
它等于 ,且 。
This equals and
解答:
可结清的债务可写为 ,其中 、 为整数,负值表示收到找零。因为 ,且 ,所以 可以是任意整数,故 可以是任意 的倍数。
最小的正数是 ,因为 ,也就是交出 只山羊并找回 只猪。
所以正确答案是 C。
A resolvable debt is for integers where a negative value means change received. Since and the value can be any integer, so is any multiple of
The smallest positive one is achieved by (give goats, receive pigs).
Thus, the correct answer is C.
23.
圆心为 和 的两个圆半径分别为 和 ,如图,一条公内切线分别在 和 处与两圆相切。直线 与 交于 ,且 。 是多少?
Circles with centers and have radii and respectively. A common internal tangent touches the circles at and as shown. Lines and intersect at and What is
24.
连接一个单位立方体相邻面的中心,形成一个正八面体。这个八面体的体积是多少?
Centers of adjacent faces of a unit cube are joined to form a regular octahedron. What is the volume of this octahedron?
小提示:
这个八面体可以看成两个底面相贴的正方形棱锥。
The octahedron is two square pyramids glued at their bases
大提示:
相邻面中心之间的距离为 ;求底面积和高。
Adjacent face-centers are apart; find the base area and height
解答:
六个面中心形成一个正八面体,可看成两个全等的正方形棱锥共用底面。相邻面中心距离为 ,所以正方形底面面积为 。
每个棱锥高为 ,体积为 。八面体体积为 。
所以正确答案是 B。
The six face centers form a regular octahedron, viewed as two congruent square pyramids sharing a base. Adjacent face centers are apart, so the square base has area
Each pyramid has height so its volume is The octahedron has volume
Thus, the correct answer is B.
25.
一只虫子从立方体的一个顶点出发,并按照以下规则沿立方体的边移动。在每个顶点,虫子会从该顶点发出的三条边中选择一条走。每条边被选中的概率相等,且所有选择相互独立。经过七次移动后,虫子恰好访问每个顶点一次的概率是多少?
A bug starts at one vertex of a cube and moves along the edges of the cube according to the following rule. At each vertex the bug will choose to travel along one of the three edges emanating from that vertex. Each edge has equal probability of being chosen, and all choices are independent. What is the probability that after seven moves the bug will have visited every vertex exactly once?
小提示:
虫子必须走出一条访问全部 个顶点的路径,也就是 条边且没有重复顶点。
The bug must trace a path visiting all vertices, i.e. moves with no repeated vertices
大提示:
从起点数这样的路径;所有 条行走路径等可能。
Count such paths from the start; there are equally likely walks
解答:
经过 次移动共有 条等可能路径。成功路径会恰好访问每个顶点一次。
用二进制三元组标记立方体的顶点,使相邻顶点恰好有一个坐标不同。从起点出发,第一步有 种选择;若虫子不返回起点,第二步有 种选择。由对称性,可将前两步固定为 。
成功的后续路线恰好为 和 因此,每一组允许的前两步都有 条成功的后续路线,共有 条成功路径。
概率为 。
所以正确答案是 C。
After moves there are equally likely walks. A successful walk visits every vertex exactly once.
Label the cube’s vertices by binary triples, with adjacent vertices differing in one coordinate. There are choices for the first move and for the second move if the bug is not to return to its starting point. By symmetry, fix these first moves as
The successful continuations are exactly and Thus each allowed pair of first moves has successful continuations, giving successful walks.
The probability is
Thus, the correct answer is C.