2019 AIME II Problem 1

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1.

Two different points, CC and D,D, lie on the same side of line ABAB so that ABC\triangle ABC and BAD\triangle BAD are congruent with AB=9,AB = 9, BC=AD=10,BC = AD = 10, and CA=DB=17.CA = DB = 17. The intersection of these two triangular regions has area mn,\frac{m}{n}, where mm and nn are relatively prime positive integers. Find m+n.m + n.

Answer: 59
Concepts:coordinate geometrycongruence (geometry)triangle area
Difficulty rating: 2220
Solution:

Place A=(0,0)A = (0, 0) and B=(9,0).B = (9, 0). From CA=17CA = 17 and BC=10,BC = 10, solving x2+y2=289x^2 + y^2 = 289 and (x9)2+y2=100(x - 9)^2 + y^2 = 100 gives C=(15,8).C = (15, 8). The congruence ABCBAD\triangle ABC \cong \triangle BAD swaps AA and B,B, so DD is the reflection of CC across the line x=92,x = \frac{9}{2}, namely D=(6,8).D = (-6, 8).

A point lies in triangle ABCABC exactly when it is on or above AB,\overline{AB}, on BB's side of line AC,AC, and on AA's side of line BC;BC; similarly for triangle BAD.BAD. In the overlap the binding constraints are y0,y \ge 0, line AC,AC, and line BD,BD, so the intersection is the triangle with base AB\overline{AB} and apex E=ACBD.E = AC \cap BD. Line ACAC is y=8x15y = \frac{8x}{15} and line BDBD is y=8(x9)15,y = -\frac{8(x - 9)}{15}, which meet at E=(92,125).E = \left(\frac{9}{2}, \frac{12}{5}\right).

The area is 129125=545,\frac{1}{2} \cdot 9 \cdot \frac{12}{5} = \frac{54}{5}, so m+n=54+5=59.m + n = 54 + 5 = 59.

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