2024 AMC 10B 第 17 题

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17.

55 只蜗牛的比赛中,最多只有一次并列,但这次并列可以包含任意数量的蜗牛。例如,比赛结果可能是 Dazzler 第一;Abby、Cyrus 和 Elroy 并列第二;Bruna 第五。共有多少种不同的比赛结果?

In a race among 55 snails, there is at most one tie, but that tie can involve any number of snails. For example, the result of the race might be that Dazzler is first; Abby, Cyrus, and Elroy are tied for second; and Bruna is fifth. How many different results of the race are possible?

180180

361361

420420

431431

720720

答案:D
知识点:排列组合分类讨论
难度评级:1730
解答:

如果没有并列,55 只蜗牛有 5!=1205! = 120 种名次顺序。现在允许恰好一组大小为 kk 的并列,其中 2k52 \le k \le 5。先用 (5k)\binom{5}{k} 选出这一组,再把它看作一个块,连同其余单个蜗牛一共 6k6 - k 个块,排列方式为 (6k)!(6 - k)!。对 kk 求和,得 (52)4!\binom{5}{2}4! +(53)3!+ \binom{5}{3}3! +(54)2!+ \binom{5}{4}2! +(55)1!+ \binom{5}{5}1! =240+60+10+1= 240 + 60 + 10 + 1 =311= 311。加上无并列的 120+311=431120 + 311 = 431 种。因此正确答案是 D

If nobody ties, the 55 snails finish in 5!=1205! = 120 orders. Now allow exactly one tied group of size kk with 2k5.2 \le k \le 5. Choose the group in (5k)\binom{5}{k} ways, then treat it as one block, leaving 6k6 - k blocks to arrange in (6k)!(6 - k)! ways. Summing over k:k: (52)4!\binom{5}{2}4! +(53)3!+ \binom{5}{3}3! +(54)2!+ \binom{5}{4}2! +(55)1!+ \binom{5}{5}1! =240+60+10+1= 240 + 60 + 10 + 1 =311.= 311. Add the no-tie count: 120+311=431.120 + 311 = 431. Thus, D is the correct answer.

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