2018 AMC 10B 第 17 题

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17.

在长方形 PQRSPQRS 中,PQ=8PQ = 8QR=6QR = 6。点 AABBPQPQ 上,点 CCDDQRQR 上,点 EEFFRSRS 上,点 GGHHSPSP 上,满足 AP=BQ<4AP = BQ < 4,并且凸八边形 ABCDEFGHABCDEFGH 是等边的。这个八边形的边长可写成 k+mnk + m\sqrt{n},其中 kkmmnn 是整数,且 nn 不被任何质数的平方整除。求 k+m+nk + m + n

In rectangle PQRS,PQRS, PQ=8PQ = 8 and QR=6.QR = 6. Points AA and BB lie on PQ,PQ, points CC and DD lie on QR,QR, points EE and FF lie on RS,RS, and points GG and HH lie on SPSP so that AP=BQ<4AP = BQ < 4 and the convex octagon ABCDEFGHABCDEFGH is equilateral. The length of a side of this octagon can be expressed in the form k+mn,k + m\sqrt{n}, where k,k, m,m, and nn are integers and nn is not divisible by the square of any prime. What is k+m+n?k + m + n?

11

77

2121

9292

106106

答案:B
知识点:勾股定理二次方程
难度评级:1890
解答:

设八边形的边长为 ss,并设 x=AP=BQ=(8s)/2.x=AP=BQ=(8-s)/2. 直角三角形 APH\triangle APHBQC\triangle BQC 的斜边同为 ss,且都有一条长为 x,x, 的直角边,所以它们全等;记 PH=QC=y.PH=QC=y. 因为 CD=HG=sCD=HG=s,且长方形两条竖边的长度都为 6,6,所以 DR=GS.DR=GS. 于是 RRSS 处的直角三角形全等,从而 RE=SF.RE=SF. 因为 RS=8RS=8,且 EF=s,EF=s,这两个相等长度都为 (8s)/2=x.(8-s)/2=x. 所以四个被切去的角的两条直角边都是 xxy.y.

八边形各边相等,给出 82x=62y=x2+y2.8-2x=6-2y=\sqrt{x^2+y^2}. 第一个等式给出 y=x1.y=x-1. 代入并平方,得到 2x230x+63=0,2x^2-30x+63=0,所以满足 x<4x<4 的根为 x=(15311)/2.x=(15-3\sqrt{11})/2.

边长为 82x=7+311,8-2x=-7+3\sqrt{11},所以 k+m+n=7+3+11=7.k+m+n=-7+3+11=7. 因此正确答案是 B

Let ss be the octagon's side length and let x=AP=BQ=(8s)/2.x=AP=BQ=(8-s)/2. The right triangles APH\triangle APH and BQC\triangle BQC have the same hypotenuse ss and a leg of length x,x, so they are congruent; write PH=QC=y.PH=QC=y. Because CD=HG=sCD=HG=s and the vertical sides of the rectangle both have length 6,6, it follows that DR=GS.DR=GS. The right triangles at RR and SS are then congruent, so RE=SF.RE=SF. Since RS=8RS=8 and EF=s,EF=s, each of these equal lengths is (8s)/2=x.(8-s)/2=x. Thus all four cut corners have legs xx and y.y.

The equal octagon sides give 82x=62y=x2+y2.8-2x=6-2y=\sqrt{x^2+y^2}. The first equality gives y=x1.y=x-1. Substituting and squaring gives 2x230x+63=0,2x^2-30x+63=0, so the root with x<4x<4 is x=(15311)/2.x=(15-3\sqrt{11})/2.

The side length is 82x=7+311,8-2x=-7+3\sqrt{11}, so k+m+n=7+3+11=7.k+m+n=-7+3+11=7. Thus, B is the correct answer.

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