2016 AMC 10B 第 17 题

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所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

17.

把数字 22,33,44,55,66,77 分配到一个立方体的六个面上,每个面一个数。对立方体的每个顶点,计算包含该顶点的三个面上的三个数的乘积。所有八个顶点的这些乘积之和最大可能是多少?

All the numbers 2,2,3, 3, 4,4, 5,5,6, 6,7 7 are assigned to the six faces of a cube, one number to each face. For each of the eight vertices of the cube, a product of three numbers is computed, where the three numbers are the numbers assigned to the three faces that include that vertex. What is the greatest possible value of the sum of these eight products?

 312\ 312

 343\ 343

 625\ 625

 729\ 729

 1680\ 1680

答案:D
知识点:正方体最优化算术-几何平均不等式
难度评级:1880
解答:

把三对相对面上的数记为 (a1,a2)(a_1,a_2)(b1,b2)(b_1,b_2)(c1,c2)(c_1,c_2)。每个顶点的乘积从每一对中各取一个数,所以八个顶点乘积之和为 (a1+a2)(b1+b2)(c1+c2).(a_1+a_2)(b_1+b_2)(c_1+c_2).

每个顶点会从每一对相对面中选出一个面,因此八个顶点乘积之和为这个表达式。六个面上数字之和为 2+3+4+5+6+7=272+3+4+5+6+7=27,所以三对相对面之和的总和为 2727。它们的乘积在尽量相等时最大,即 9,9,99,9,9,最大为 93=7299^3=729

这个最大值可以通过把 227733664455 配成相对面来达到。因此最大可能和为 729729

所以正确答案是 D

Pair opposite faces as (a1,a2)(a_1,a_2), (b1,b2)(b_1,b_2), and (c1,c2)(c_1,c_2). Each vertex product uses one number from each pair, so the sum of all eight vertex products is (a1+a2)(b1+b2)(c1+c2).(a_1+a_2)(b_1+b_2)(c_1+c_2).

The six face labels sum to 2+3+4+5+6+7=272+3+4+5+6+7=27, so the three opposite-pair sums have total 2727. Their product is maximized when the sums are as equal as possible, namely 9,9,99,9,9, giving at most 93=7299^3=729.

This maximum is attainable by pairing 22 with 77, 33 with 66, and 44 with 55. Hence the greatest possible sum is 729729.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

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