2005 AMC 12B Problem 19

Attempt Problem 19 of the 2005 AMC 12B below, then check your answer against the professionally curated solution from LIVE by Po-Shen Loh. You can also try the full timed exam, view all 2005 AMC 12B solutions, or check the answer key.

All problems are used with official legal permission of the Mathematical Association of America (MAA).

19.

Let xx and yy be two-digit integers such that yy is obtained by reversing the digits of x.x. The integers xx and yy satisfy x2y2=m2x^2 - y^2 = m^2 for some positive integer m.m. What is x+y+m?x + y + m?

8888

112112

116116

144144

154154

Answer: E
Concepts:digitsdifference of squaresperfect square
Difficulty rating: 1840
Small Hint:

Write x=10a+bx = 10a + b and y=10b+ay = 10b + a; then x2y2=99(a2b2)x^2 - y^2 = 99(a^2 - b^2)

Big Hint:

For 99(ab)(a+b)99(a-b)(a+b) to be a perfect square, a+ba+b must be 1111

Solution:

Let x=10a+bx = 10a + b and y=10b+ay = 10b + a with a>b.a \gt b. Then x2y2=(10a+b)2(10b+a)2=99(a2b2)=99(a+b)(ab). \begin{aligned} &x^2 - y^2 = (10a+b)^2 \\ &\quad {}- (10b+a)^2 \\ &= 99(a^2 - b^2) \\ &= 99(a+b)(a-b). \end{aligned}

Since 99=911,99 = 9 \cdot 11, for this to be a perfect square we need (a+b)(ab)(a+b)(a-b) to be a multiple of 11.11. As a+b17a + b \le 17 and ab8,a - b \le 8, the only multiple of 1111 available is a+b=11.a + b = 11.

Then x2y2=9112(ab),x^2 - y^2 = 9 \cdot 11^2 (a - b), which is a perfect square exactly when aba - b is a perfect square. Because a+b=11a+b=11 is odd, aba-b is odd; and because 1ab8,1 \le a-b \le 8, its only possible square value is 1.1. Hence (a,b)=(6,5).(a, b) = (6, 5).

So x=65,x = 65, y=56,y = 56, and m=652562m = \sqrt{65^2 - 56^2} =1089=33.= \sqrt{1089} = 33. Thus x+y+mx + y + m =65+56+33=154.= 65 + 56 + 33 = 154.

Thus, the correct answer is E.

Problem 18#18
Full Exam

Problem 19 in Other Years

1950 AMC 12 · 1951 AMC 12 · 1952 AMC 12 · 1953 AMC 12 · 1954 AMC 12 · 1955 AMC 12 · 1956 AMC 12 · 1957 AMC 12 · 1958 AMC 12 · 1959 AMC 12 · 1960 AMC 12 · 1961 AMC 12 · 1962 AMC 12 · 1963 AMC 12 · 1964 AMC 12 · 1965 AMC 12 · 1966 AMC 12 · 1967 AMC 12 · 1968 AMC 12 · 1969 AMC 12 · 1970 AMC 12 · 1971 AMC 12 · 1972 AMC 12 · 1973 AMC 12 · 1974 AMC 12 · 1975 AMC 12 · 1976 AMC 12 · 1977 AMC 12 · 1978 AMC 12 · 1979 AMC 12 · 1980 AMC 12 · 1981 AMC 12 · 1982 AMC 12 · 1983 AMC 12 · 1984 AMC 12 · 1985 AMC 12 · 1986 AMC 12 · 1987 AMC 12 · 1988 AMC 12 · 1989 AMC 12 · 1990 AMC 12 · 1991 AMC 12 · 1992 AMC 12 · 1993 AMC 12 · 1994 AMC 12 · 1995 AMC 12 · 1996 AMC 12 · 1997 AMC 12 · 1998 AMC 12 · 1999 AMC 12 · 2000 AMC 12 · 2001 AMC 12 · 2002 AMC 12A · 2002 AMC 12B · 2003 AMC 12A · 2003 AMC 12B · 2004 AMC 12A · 2004 AMC 12B · 2005 AMC 12A · 2006 AMC 12A · 2006 AMC 12B · 2007 AMC 12A · 2007 AMC 12B · 2008 AMC 12A · 2008 AMC 12B · 2009 AMC 12A · 2009 AMC 12B · 2010 AMC 12A · 2010 AMC 12B · 2011 AMC 12A · 2011 AMC 12B · 2012 AMC 12A · 2012 AMC 12B · 2013 AMC 12A · 2013 AMC 12B · 2014 AMC 12A · 2014 AMC 12B · 2015 AMC 12A · 2015 AMC 12B · 2016 AMC 12A · 2016 AMC 12B · 2017 AMC 12A · 2017 AMC 12B · 2018 AMC 12A · 2018 AMC 12B · 2019 AMC 12A · 2019 AMC 12B · 2020 AMC 12A · 2020 AMC 12B · 2021 AMC 12A Spring · 2021 AMC 12B Spring · 2021 AMC 12A Fall · 2021 AMC 12B Fall · 2022 AMC 12A · 2022 AMC 12B · 2023 AMC 12A · 2023 AMC 12B · 2024 AMC 12A · 2024 AMC 12B · 2025 AMC 12A · 2025 AMC 12B