2024 AMC 12B Problem 19

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Concepts:trigonometric identityareatransformation

Difficulty rating: 2040

19.

Equilateral ABC\triangle ABC with side length 1414 is rotated about its center by angle θ,\theta, where 0<θ<60,0 \lt \theta \lt 60^\circ, to form DEF.\triangle DEF. See the figure. The area of hexagon ADBECFADBECF is 913.91\sqrt3. What is tanθ?\tan\theta?

34\dfrac{3}{4}

5311\dfrac{5\sqrt3}{11}

45\dfrac{4}{5}

1113\dfrac{11}{13}

7313\dfrac{7\sqrt3}{13}

Solution:

The six vertices lie on the circumcircle of radius R=143,R = \dfrac{14}{\sqrt3}, so R2=1963.R^2 = \dfrac{196}{3}. Going around, the central angles alternate between θ\theta (three times) and 120θ120^\circ - \theta (three times). The cyclic-hexagon area is 12R2(3sinθ+3sin(120θ))=98(sinθ+sin(120θ)).\tfrac12 R^2\bigl(3\sin\theta + 3\sin(120^\circ - \theta)\bigr) = 98\bigl(\sin\theta + \sin(120^\circ - \theta)\bigr).

By sum-to-product, sinθ+sin(120θ)=2sin60cos(θ60)=3cos(60θ).\sin\theta + \sin(120^\circ - \theta) = 2\sin 60^\circ\cos(\theta - 60^\circ) = \sqrt3\cos(60^\circ - \theta). Setting the area to 91391\sqrt3 gives 3cos(60θ)=91398=13314,\sqrt3\cos(60^\circ - \theta) = \dfrac{91\sqrt3}{98} = \dfrac{13\sqrt3}{14}, so cos(60θ)=1314\cos(60^\circ - \theta) = \dfrac{13}{14} and sin(60θ)=3314.\sin(60^\circ - \theta) = \dfrac{3\sqrt3}{14}.

Then tan(60θ)=3313,\tan(60^\circ - \theta) = \dfrac{3\sqrt3}{13}, and tanθ=tan(60(60θ))=333131+33313=103132213=5311.\tan\theta = \tan\bigl(60^\circ - (60^\circ - \theta)\bigr) = \frac{\sqrt3 - \frac{3\sqrt3}{13}}{1 + \sqrt3\cdot\frac{3\sqrt3}{13}} = \frac{\frac{10\sqrt3}{13}}{\frac{22}{13}} = \frac{5\sqrt3}{11}.

Thus, the correct answer is B.

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