1992 AIME Problem 13

Attempt Problem 13 of the 1992 AIME below, then check your answer against the professionally curated solution from LIVE by Po-Shen Loh. You can also try the full timed exam, view all 1992 AIME solutions, or check the answer key.

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13.

Triangle ABCABC has AB=9AB=9 and BC:AC=40:41.BC:AC=40:41. What’s the largest area that this triangle can have?

Answer: 820
Concepts:triangle arealaw of cosinesoptimization
Difficulty rating: 2510
Small Hint:

Set BC=40t,BC=40t, AC=41t,AC=41t, and use the Law of Cosines with AB=9AB=9

Big Hint:

Express the area as a function of cosC\cos C and maximize its square

Solution:

Set BC=40t,BC=40t, AC=41t,AC=41t, and x=cosC.x=\cos C. The Law of Cosines gives 81=t2(32813280x),81=t^2(3281-3280x), while the area is 820t21x2.820t^2\sqrt{1-x^2}. Hence it equals 820811x232813280x.820\cdot81\,\frac{\sqrt{1-x^2}}{3281-3280x}. Differentiating its logarithm shows the maximum occurs at x=32803281.x=\frac{3280}{3281}. Then 1x2=813281\sqrt{1-x^2}=\frac{81}{3281} and 32813280x=65613281,3281-3280x=\frac{6561}{3281}, so the maximum area is 820.820.

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