1988 AIME Problem 13

Attempt Problem 13 of the 1988 AIME below, then check your answer against the professionally curated solution from LIVE by Po-Shen Loh. You can also try the full timed exam, view all 1988 AIME solutions, or check the answer key.

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13.

Find aa if aa and bb are integers such that x2x1x^2-x-1 is a factor of ax17+bx16+1.ax^{17}+bx^{16}+1.

Answer: 987
Concepts:polynomialFibonaccisystem of equations
Difficulty rating: 2380
Small Hint:

Modulo x2x1,x^2-x-1, powers satisfy xn=Fnx+Fn1x^n=F_nx+F_{n-1}

Big Hint:

Set both coefficients of the linear remainder equal to zero and use Cassini’s identity

Solution:

Modulo x2x1,x^2-x-1, the relation x2=x+1x^2=x+1 gives xn=Fnx+Fn1.x^n=F_nx+F_{n-1}. Hence the remainder is r(x)=(1597a+987b)x+(987a+610b+1).\begin{aligned}r(x)={}&(1597a+987b)x\\&+(987a+610b+1).\end{aligned} Both coefficients must vanish. The determinant of the coefficient matrix is 1597(610)9872=11597(610)-987^2=1 by Cassini’s identity. Cramer’s rule then gives a=987.a=987.

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