2019 AIME I Problem 13

Attempt Problem 13 of the 2019 AIME I below, then check your answer against the professionally curated solution from LIVE by Po-Shen Loh. You can also try the full timed exam, view all 2019 AIME I solutions, or check the answer key.

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13.

Triangle ABCABC has side lengths AB=4,AB = 4, BC=5,BC = 5, and CA=6.CA = 6. Points DD and EE are on ray ABAB with AB<AD<AE.AB \lt AD \lt AE. The point F≠CF \neq C is a point of intersection of the circumcircles of △ACD\triangle ACD and △EBC\triangle EBC satisfying DF=2DF = 2 and EF=7.EF = 7. Then BEBE can be expressed as a+bcd,\frac{a + b\sqrt{c}}{d}, where a,a, b,b, c,c, and dd are positive integers such that aa and dd are relatively prime, and cc is not divisible by the square of any prime. Find a+b+c+d.a + b + c + d.

Answer: 32
Concepts:cyclic quadrilateralradical axispower of a pointlaw of cosines
Difficulty rating: 3370
Small Hint:

The cyclic quadrilaterals give ∠FDA=∠FCA\angle FDA = \angle FCA and ∠FEB=∠FCB,\angle FEB = \angle FCB, so ∠DFE=∠ACB;\angle DFE = \angle ACB; now the law of cosines finds DEDE

Big Hint:

Line CFCF is the radical axis: where it crosses line ABAB at G,G, the powers give GA⋅GD=GB⋅GE.GA \cdot GD = GB \cdot GE. Locate GG using the angle ∠GCA\angle GCA found from triangle DEF.DEF.

Solution:

Points D,D, EE lie beyond BB on ray AB,AB, and FF lies on the opposite side of line ABAB from C.C. Since ACFDACFD and BCFEBCFE are cyclic, the inscribed angles give ∠FDA=∠FCA\angle FDA = \angle FCA and ∠FEB=∠FCB.\angle FEB = \angle FCB. Writing α=∠FCA\alpha = \angle FCA and β=∠FCB,\beta = \angle FCB, triangle DEFDEF has angles ∠FDE=180∘−α\angle FDE = 180^\circ - \alpha and ∠FED=β,\angle FED = \beta, so ∠DFE=α−β=∠ACB.\angle DFE = \alpha - \beta = \angle ACB. From triangle ABC,ABC, cos⁡∠ACB=25+36−162⋅5⋅6=34,\cos \angle ACB = \frac{25 + 36 - 16}{2 \cdot 5 \cdot 6} = \frac{3}{4}, so the law of cosines in triangle DFEDFE gives DE2=22+72−2⋅2⋅7⋅34=32,DE=42. \begin{aligned} DE^2 &= 2^2 + 7^2 - 2 \cdot 2 \cdot 7 \cdot \tfrac{3}{4} \\ &= 32, \\ DE &= 4\sqrt{2}. \end{aligned}

In triangle DFE,DFE, cos⁡∠FDE=4+32−492⋅2⋅42=−13232,\cos \angle FDE = \frac{4 + 32 - 49}{2 \cdot 2 \cdot 4\sqrt{2}} = -\frac{13\sqrt{2}}{32}, so α\alpha is acute with cos⁡α=13232\cos\alpha = \frac{13\sqrt{2}}{32} and sin⁡α=1−3381024=71432.\sin\alpha = \sqrt{1 - \frac{338}{1024}} = \frac{7\sqrt{14}}{32}. Let GG be the intersection of line CFCF with line AB.AB. In triangle ACG,ACG, ∠GAC=∠BAC\angle GAC = \angle BAC has cos⁡∠BAC=16+36−252⋅4⋅6=916,\cos \angle BAC = \frac{16 + 36 - 25}{2 \cdot 4 \cdot 6} = \frac{9}{16}, sin⁡∠BAC=5716,\sin \angle BAC = \frac{5\sqrt{7}}{16}, and ∠ACG=α,\angle ACG = \alpha, so sin⁡(∠BAC+α)\sin(\angle BAC + \alpha) =5716⋅13232= \frac{5\sqrt{7}}{16} \cdot \frac{13\sqrt{2}}{32} +916⋅71432+ \frac{9}{16} \cdot \frac{7\sqrt{14}}{32} =144= \frac{\sqrt{14}}{4} and AG=ACsin⁡αsin⁡(∠BAC+α)=6⋅71432144=214. \begin{aligned} AG &= \frac{AC \sin \alpha}{\sin(\angle BAC + \alpha)} \\ &= \frac{6 \cdot \frac{7\sqrt{14}}{32}}{\frac{\sqrt{14}}{4}} \\ &= \frac{21}{4}. \end{aligned}

Line CFCF is the radical axis of the two circles, so GA⋅GD=GB⋅GE.GA \cdot GD = GB \cdot GE. With x=BDx = BD and BE=x+DE=x+42:BE = x + DE = x + 4\sqrt{2}: 214(x−54)=54(x−54+42), \begin{aligned} &\frac{21}{4}\left(x - \frac{5}{4}\right) \\ &= \frac{5}{4}\left(x - \frac{5}{4} + 4\sqrt{2}\right), \end{aligned} since GD=4+x−214GD = 4 + x - \frac{21}{4} and GB=214−4.GB = \frac{21}{4} - 4. This gives 16(x−54)=202,16\left(x - \frac{5}{4}\right) = 20\sqrt{2}, so x=5+524x = \frac{5 + 5\sqrt{2}}{4} and BE=5+2124.BE = \frac{5 + 21\sqrt{2}}{4}. Therefore a+b+c+d=5+21+2+4a + b + c + d = 5 + 21 + 2 + 4 =32.= 32.

Problem 12#12
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