1999 AMC 8 第 11 题

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所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

11.

1,4,7,101, 4, 7, 101313 这五个数分别填入五个方格中,使横排三个数之和等于竖列三个数之和。横排或竖列的和最大可能是多少?

Each of the five numbers 1,4,7,10,1, 4, 7, 10, and 1313 is placed in one of the five squares so that the sum of the three numbers in the horizontal row equals the sum of the three numbers in the vertical column. The largest possible value for the horizontal or vertical sum is

2020

2121

2222

2424

3030

答案:D
知识点:最优化双重计数
难度评级:1140
解答:

设中心方格中的数为 xx。横排之和加上竖列之和时,其他数各计算一次,而中心数计算两次。

所以公共和的两倍是 1+4+7+10+13+x1+4+7+10+13+x =35+x=35+x。当 x=13x=13 时,这个值最大。

因此公共和至多为 35+132=24\dfrac{35+13}{2}=24,而且可以达到:把 1313 放在中心,把 111010 放在一排的两端,把 4477 放在另一排的两端。两个和都是 2424

所以正确答案是 D

Let xx be the number in the center. The horizontal sum plus the vertical sum counts every number once, except the center number is counted twice.

So twice the common sum is 1+4+7+10+13+x1+4+7+10+13+x =35+x=35+x. This is largest when x=13x=13.

The largest common sum is therefore at most 35+132=24\dfrac{35+13}{2}=24, and it is attainable: put 1313 in the center, 11 and 1010 at the ends of one row, and 44 and 77 at the ends of the other. Both sums are 2424.

Thus, D is the correct answer.

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