1985 AMC 8 第 24 题

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24.

六个整数 101011111212131314141515 被放入六个圆中:三角形的三个顶点各放一个,每条边的中点各放一个。要求三角形每条边上三个数的和 SS 都相同。SS 的最大可能值是

The six whole numbers 10,10, 11,11, 12,12, 13,13, 14,14, and 1515 are placed in six circles — one at each of the three corners of a triangle and one at the midpoint of each side — so that the sum SS of the three numbers along each side of the triangle is the same. The largest possible value for SS is

3636

3737

3838

3939

4040

答案:D
知识点:幻方最优化
难度评级:1140
解答:

把三条边的和相加,得到 3S=(10+11++15)3S = (10 + 11 + \cdots + 15) +(sum of corners)+ (\text{sum of corners}) =75+(sum of corners)= 75 + (\text{sum of corners})。要使 SS 最大,应把三个最大的数 131314141515 放在顶点,此时顶点数之和为 4242

于是 3S=75+42=1173S = 75 + 42 = 117,所以 S=39S = 39。这个值可以达到:顶点放 131314141515,中点放 121210101111,每条边的和都是 3939

所以正确答案是 D

Adding the three side sums gives 3S=(10+11++15)3S = (10 + 11 + \cdots + 15) +(sum of corners)+ (\text{sum of corners}) =75+(sum of corners).= 75 + (\text{sum of corners}). To maximize S,S, place the three largest numbers 13,13, 14,14, 1515 at the corners, giving corner sum 42.42.

Then 3S=75+42=117,3S = 75 + 42 = 117, so S=39.S = 39. This is achievable: with corners 13,13, 14,14, 1515 and midpoints 12,12, 10,10, 11,11, each side sums to 39.39.

Thus, the correct answer is D .

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