2023 AMC 10A 第 17 题

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17.

ABCDABCD 是一个矩形,且 AB=30AB = 30BC=28BC = 28。点 PPQQ 分别在 BCBCCDCD 上,使得 ABP\triangle ABPPCQ\triangle PCQQDA\triangle QDA 的所有边长都是整数。APQ\triangle APQ 的周长是多少?

Let ABCDABCD be a rectangle with AB=30AB = 30 and BC=28.BC = 28. Points PP and QQ lie on BCBC and CDCD respectively so that all sides of ABP,\triangle ABP, PCQ,\triangle PCQ, and QDA\triangle QDA have integer lengths. What is the perimeter of APQ?\triangle APQ?

8484

8686

8888

9090

9292

答案:A
知识点:勾股数矩形系统列举
难度评级:1840
解答:

A=(0,0)A = (0,0)B=(30,0)B = (30,0)C=(30,28)C = (30,28)D=(0,28)D = (0,28),且 P=(30,p)P = (30, p)BCBC 上,Q=(30q,28)Q = (30 - q, 28)CDCD 上。三个直角三角形给出 AP=302+p2AP = \sqrt{30^2 + p^2}QA=282+(30q)2QA = \sqrt{28^2 + (30 - q)^2}PQ=(28p)2+q2PQ = \sqrt{(28 - p)^2 + q^2},并且三者都必须是整数。当 0p280 \leq p \leq 28 时,将等式写成 (APp)(AP+p)=900(AP-p)(AP+p)=900,可知只有 p=0p=0p=16p=16 两种可能,对应 AP=30AP=30AP=34AP=34。同理,令 x=30qx=30-q,则 (QAx)(QA+x)=784(QA-x)(QA+x)=784,且 0x300 \leq x \leq 30,所以 x=0x=0x=21x=21。将这四种组合代入 PQPQ 的公式检验,只有 p=16p=16x=21x=21 可行。因此 q=9q=9QA=35QA=35,并且 PQ=122+92=15PQ=\sqrt{12^2+9^2}=15。所以 APQ\triangle APQ 的周长为 34+15+35=8434+15+35=84,正确答案是 A

Set A=(0,0)A = (0,0), B=(30,0)B = (30,0), C=(30,28)C = (30,28), D=(0,28)D = (0,28), with P=(30,p)P = (30, p) on BCBC and Q=(30q,28)Q = (30 - q, 28) on CDCD. The three right triangles give AP=302+p2AP = \sqrt{30^2 + p^2}, QA=282+(30q)2QA = \sqrt{28^2 + (30 - q)^2}, and PQ=(28p)2+q2PQ = \sqrt{(28 - p)^2 + q^2}. For 0p280 \leq p \leq 28, the equation (APp)(AP+p)=900(AP-p)(AP+p)=900 gives only p=0p=0 and p=16p=16, with AP=30AP=30 and AP=34AP=34. Similarly, setting x=30qx=30-q, the equation (QAx)(QA+x)=784(QA-x)(QA+x)=784 with 0x300 \leq x \leq 30 gives x=0x=0 or x=21x=21. Testing these four combinations in the formula for PQPQ, only p=16p=16, x=21x=21 works. Thus q=9q=9, QA=35QA=35, and PQ=122+92=15PQ=\sqrt{12^2+9^2}=15. The perimeter of APQ\triangle APQ is 34+15+35=8434+15+35=84. Thus, A is the correct answer.

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