2021 AMC 10A Fall 第 17 题

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17.

一位建筑师正在建造一个结构,要在水平地面上的正六边形 ABCDEFABCDEF 的各顶点竖立柱子。六根柱子将支撑一块不与地面平行的平面太阳能板。位于 AABBCC 的柱高分别为 1212,99,1010 米。位于 EE 的柱子高度是多少米?

An architect is building a structure that will place vertical pillars at the vertices of regular hexagon ABCDEF,ABCDEF, which is lying horizontally on the ground. The six pillars will hold up a flat solar panel that will not be parallel to the ground. The heights of pillars at A,A, B,B, and CC are 12,12, 9,9, and 1010 meters, respectively. What is the height, in meters, of the pillar at E?E?

99

636\sqrt{3}

838\sqrt{3}

1717

12312\sqrt{3}

答案:D
知识点:坐标几何正多边形方程组
难度评级:1660
解答:

取正六边形坐标 A=(1,0)A=(-1,0)B=(12,32)B=(-\frac{1}{2},\frac{\sqrt3}{2})C=(12,32)C=(\frac{1}{2},\frac{\sqrt3}{2})E=(12,32)E=(\frac{1}{2},-\frac{\sqrt3}{2})。因为太阳能板是平面,高度可写成 h(x,y)=ux+vy+wh(x,y)=ux+vy+w

h(A)=12h(A)=12h(B)=9h(B)=9h(C)=10h(C)=10。后两式相减得 u=1u=1。再由 u+w=12-u+w=12w=13w=13。代入 h(B)=9h(B)=9,有 12+32v+13=9-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{\sqrt3}{2}v+13=9,所以 3v=7\sqrt3v=-7

因此 h(E)=1232v+13=12+72+13=17. \begin{aligned} h(E) &=\frac{1}{2}-\frac{\sqrt3}{2}v+13 \\ &=\frac{1}{2}+\frac{7}{2}+13 \\ &=17. \end{aligned}

所以正确答案是 D

Put a regular hexagon in coordinates with A=(1,0),A=(-1,0), B=(12,32),B=(-\frac{1}{2},\frac{\sqrt3}{2}), C=(12,32),C=(\frac{1}{2},\frac{\sqrt3}{2}), and E=(12,32).E=(\frac{1}{2},-\frac{\sqrt3}{2}). Because the solar panel is flat, the height is an affine function h(x,y)=ux+vy+w.h(x,y)=ux+vy+w.

From h(A)=12,h(A)=12, h(B)=9,h(B)=9, and h(C)=10,h(C)=10, subtracting the last two equations gives u=1.u=1. Then u+w=12,-u+w=12, so w=13.w=13. Using h(B)=9h(B)=9 gives 12+32v+13=9,-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{\sqrt3}{2}v+13=9, so 3v=7.\sqrt3v=-7.

Therefore h(E)=1232v+13=12+72+13=17. \begin{aligned} h(E) &=\frac{1}{2}-\frac{\sqrt3}{2}v+13 \\ &=\frac{1}{2}+\frac{7}{2}+13 \\ &=17. \end{aligned}

Thus, D is the correct answer.

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