2021 AMC 10A Spring 第 17 题

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17.

梯形 ABCDABCD 满足 ABCD,BC=CD=43\overline{AB}\parallel\overline{CD},BC=CD=43,且 ADBD\overline{AD}\perp\overline{BD}。设 OO 为对角线 AC\overline{AC}BD\overline{BD} 的交点,PPBD\overline{BD} 的中点。

已知 OP=11OP=11,线段 ADAD 的长度可写成 mnm\sqrt{n},其中 mmnn 为正整数,且 nn 不被任何质数的平方整除。求 m+nm+n

Trapezoid ABCDABCD has ABCD,BC=CD=43,\overline{AB}\parallel\overline{CD},BC=CD=43, and ADBD.\overline{AD}\perp\overline{BD}. Let OO be the intersection of the diagonals AC\overline{AC} and BD,\overline{BD}, and let PP be the midpoint of BD.\overline{BD}.

Given that OP=11,OP=11, the length of ADAD can be written in the form mn,m\sqrt{n}, where mm and nn are positive integers and nn is not divisible by the square of any prime. What is m+n?m+n?

6565

132132

157157

194194

215215

答案:D
知识点:梯形相似勾股定理
难度评级:1950
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因为 BC=CDBC=CD,从 CCBDBD 的中线垂直于 BDBD,所以 BPC\triangle BPC 是直角三角形。设 DBC=α\angle DBC=\alpha。又因 ABCDAB\parallel CD,有 ABD=α\angle ABD=\alpha,因此 BPCBDA\triangle BPC\sim\triangle BDA

由于 PPBDBD 的中点,BD/BP=2BD/BP=2。在相似关系中,BCBC 对应 ABAB,所以

ABBC=2,AB=243=86. \begin{aligned} \frac{AB}{BC} &=2, \\ AB &=2\cdot43=86. \end{aligned}

另外,ABOCDO\triangle ABO\sim\triangle CDO,所以

BOOD=ABCD=2.\frac{BO}{OD}=\frac{AB}{CD}=2.

BP=PD=tBP=PD=t。由于 OP=11OP=11,且 PPBDBD 的中点,得到 BO=t+11BO=t+11OD=t11OD=t-11,所以

t+11t11=2.\frac{t+11}{t-11}=2.

解得 t=33t=33,故 BD=66BD=66。最后,ABD\triangle ABD 是直角三角形,所以

AD=AB2BD2=862662=4190. \begin{aligned} AD &= \sqrt{AB^2-BD^2} \\ &= \sqrt{86^2-66^2} \\ &= 4\sqrt{190}. \end{aligned}

因此 m+n=4+190=194m+n=4+190=194

所以正确答案是 D

Because BC=CD,BC=CD, the median from CC to BDBD is perpendicular to BD.BD. Thus BPC\triangle BPC is a right triangle. Let DBC=α.\angle DBC=\alpha. Since ABCD,AB\parallel CD, we also have ABD=α,\angle ABD=\alpha, so BPCBDA.\triangle BPC\sim\triangle BDA.

Since PP is the midpoint of BD,BD, we have BD/BP=2.BD/BP=2. In the similarity, BCBC corresponds to AB,AB, so

ABBC=2,AB=243=86. \begin{aligned} \frac{AB}{BC} &=2, \\ AB &=2\cdot43=86. \end{aligned}

Also, ABOCDO,\triangle ABO\sim\triangle CDO, so

BOOD=ABCD=2.\frac{BO}{OD}=\frac{AB}{CD}=2.

Since OP=11OP=11 and PP is the midpoint of BD,BD, write BP=PD=t.BP=PD=t. Then BO=t+11BO=t+11 and OD=t11,OD=t-11, so

t+11t11=2.\frac{t+11}{t-11}=2.

This gives t=33,t=33, hence BD=66.BD=66. Finally, ABD\triangle ABD is right, so

AD=AB2BD2=862662=4190. \begin{aligned} AD &= \sqrt{AB^2-BD^2} \\ &= \sqrt{86^2-66^2} \\ &= 4\sqrt{190}. \end{aligned}

Thus m+n=4+190=194.m+n=4+190=194.

Thus, D is the correct answer.

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