2013 AMC 10A 第 17 题

先试着解答 2013 AMC 10A 第 17 题,然后核对你的答案与精心整理的解答,解答来自 LIVE by Po-Shen Loh。你也可以参加完整限时模拟考试、查看全部 2013 AMC 10A 解答,或核对答案。

所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

17.

Daphne 的三位好友 Alice、Beatrix 和 Claire 会定期来拜访她。Alice 每三天来一次,Beatrix 每四天来一次,Claire 每五天来一次。
昨天三人都拜访了 Daphne。接下来 365365 天中,恰好有两位好友来访的天数是多少?
Daphne is visited periodically by her three best friends: Alice, Beatrix, and Claire. Alice visits every third day, Beatrix visits every fourth day, and Claire visits every fifth day.
All three friends visited Daphne yesterday. How many days of the next 365365-day period will exactly two friends visit her?
4848
5454
6060
6666
7272
答案:B
知识点:最小公倍数容斥原理区间内整数计数
小提示:
用最小公倍数数每一对同时来访的天数。
Count pairwise meeting days using least common multiples
大提示:
从每一对的计数中减去三人都来的天数。
Subtract the triple-meeting days from each pair count
解答:
两两同时来访的周期分别为 lcm⁡(3,4)=12\operatorname{lcm}(3,4)=12、lcm⁡(3,5)=15\operatorname{lcm}(3,5)=15、lcm⁡(4,5)=20\operatorname{lcm}(4,5)=20 天。
在接下来 365365 天中,这三种两两同时来访的天数分别为 ⌊36512⌋=30\left\lfloor\frac{365}{12}\right\rfloor=30、⌊36515⌋=24\left\lfloor\frac{365}{15}\right\rfloor=24、⌊36520⌋=18\left\lfloor\frac{365}{20}\right\rfloor=18。
三人都来访的周期为 6060 天,共 ⌊36560⌋=6\left\lfloor\frac{365}{60}\right\rfloor=6 天。恰好两人来访的天数为 (30−6)+(24−6)(30-6)+(24-6) +(18−6)=54+(18-6)=54。
所以正确答案是 B。
Pairwise visits occur every lcm⁡(3,4)=12\operatorname{lcm}(3,4)=12, lcm⁡(3,5)=15\operatorname{lcm}(3,5)=15, and lcm⁡(4,5)=20\operatorname{lcm}(4,5)=20 days.
In the next 365365 days, these pair counts are ⌊36512⌋=30\left\lfloor\frac{365}{12}\right\rfloor=30, ⌊36515⌋=24\left\lfloor\frac{365}{15}\right\rfloor=24, and ⌊36520⌋=18\left\lfloor\frac{365}{20}\right\rfloor=18.
All three visit every 6060 days, which happens ⌊36560⌋=6\left\lfloor\frac{365}{60}\right\rfloor=6 times. Subtracting those days from each pair count gives (30−6)+(24−6)(30-6)+(24-6) +(18−6)=54+(18-6)=54.
Thus, B is the correct answer.
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