2001 AMC 10 真题
计时
1:15:00
1.
考虑下面这个列表:
它的中位数是 。平均数是多少?
The median of the list
is What is the mean?
小提示:
列表有 个数,所以中位数是第 项。
The list has numbers, so the median is the th term
大提示:
第 项是 ,所以令 。
The th term is so set
解答:
这 个数已经按递增顺序排列,中位数是第 项 ,所以 ,得 。
代入后,各项之和的计算过程为 ,所以平均数是 。
所以正确答案是 E。
The list has numbers in increasing order, so the median is the th term, Setting gives
The sum of the terms is so the mean is
Thus, the correct answer is E.
2.
一个数 比它的倒数与它的加法逆元的乘积多 。这个数位于哪个区间?
A number is more than the product of its reciprocal and its additive inverse. In which interval does the number lie?
3.
两个数的和是 。若每个数都先加上 ,然后将所得的两个数各自加倍,那么最后两个数的和是多少?
The sum of two numbers is Suppose is added to each number and then each of the resulting numbers is doubled. What is the sum of the final two numbers?
4.
一个圆和一个三角形最多可能有多少个交点?
What is the maximum number of possible points of intersection of a circle and a triangle?
小提示:
一条直线最多与一个圆相交于 个点。
A line can cross a circle in at most points
大提示:
一个三角形有 条边。
A triangle has sides
解答:
三角形的每条边都是线段,最多与圆相交于 个点;三角形有 条边,所以最多有 个交点,而且这个上界可以达到。
所以正确答案是 E。
Each side of the triangle is a segment, which can intersect a circle in at most points. With sides, the maximum is points, and this is achievable.
Thus, the correct answer is E.
5.
下图中的十二个五连方中,有多少个至少有一条对称轴?
How many of the twelve pentominoes pictured below have at least one line of symmetry?
小提示:
对称轴会把图形折叠后与自身完全重合。
A line of symmetry folds the shape exactly onto itself
大提示:
分别检查十二个图形是否有水平、竖直或斜向的对称轴。
Check each of the twelve shapes for a horizontal, vertical, or diagonal fold line
解答:
逐一检查这些五连方的反射对称性,恰好有六个至少有一条对称轴:直条形、十字形、 形、 形、 形和 形。其余六个都没有对称轴。
所以正确答案是 D。
Checking each pentomino for a reflection line, exactly six have at least one: the straight bar, the plus, the -shape, the -shape, the -shape, and the -shape. The remaining six have no line of symmetry.
Thus, the correct answer is D.
6.
设 和 分别表示整数 的各位数字之积与各位数字之和。例如,,。若 是一个满足 的两位数,求 的个位数字。
Let and denote the product and the sum, respectively, of the digits of the integer For example, and Suppose is a two-digit number such that What is the units digit of
7.
将某个正小数的小数点向右移动四位后,得到的新数等于原数倒数的四倍。原数是多少?
When the decimal point of a certain positive decimal number is moved four places to the right, the new number is four times the reciprocal of the original number. What is the original number?
8.
旺达、达伦、比阿特丽斯和奇是学校数学实验室的辅导员。他们的排班如下:达伦每三个上课日工作一次,旺达每四个上课日工作一次,比阿特丽斯每六个上课日工作一次,奇每七个上课日工作一次。今天他们四人都在数学实验室工作。从今天起再过多少个上课日,他们下一次会同时在实验室辅导?
Wanda, Darren, Beatrice, and Chi are tutors in the school math lab. Their schedule is as follows: Darren works every third school day, Wanda works every fourth school day, Beatrice works every sixth school day, and Chi works every seventh school day. Today they are all working in the math lab. In how many school days from today will they next be together tutoring in the lab?
9.
克里斯汀所住州的所得税税率为:年收入前 按 征税,超过 的部分按 征税。克里斯汀注意到她缴纳的州所得税等于年收入的 。她的年收入是多少?
The state income tax where Kristin lives is levied at the rate of of the first of annual income plus of any amount above Kristin noticed that the state income tax she paid amounted to of her annual income. What was her annual income?
10.
11.
考虑单位正方形阵列中的深色正方形,图中只显示了一部分。围绕中心正方形的第一圈含有 个单位正方形,第二圈含有 个单位正方形。若继续这个过程,第 圈中有多少个单位正方形?
Consider the dark square in an array of unit squares, part of which is shown. The first ring of squares around this center square contains unit squares. The second ring contains unit squares. If we continue this process, the number of unit squares in the th ring is
12.
假设 是三个连续整数的乘积,并且 能被 整除。下列哪一个不一定是 的因数?
Suppose that is the product of three consecutive integers and that is divisible by Which of the following is not necessarily a divisor of
小提示:
三个连续整数中,一定有一个偶数,也一定有一个 的倍数。
Among three consecutive integers, one is even and one is a multiple of
大提示:
寻找一个需要两个因数 的选项;三个连续整数的乘积不一定含有两个这样的因数。
Look for a choice requiring two factors of three consecutive integers need not provide both
解答:
三个连续整数中,一定有一个是 的倍数,且乘积 也有一个偶数因子,因此能被 整除。再加上题设的因数 ,它一定能被 、、 和 整除。
但 需要两个因数 ,这不一定保证;例如 能被 整除,却不能被 整除。
所以正确答案是 D。
Among three consecutive integers, at least one is even and one is a multiple of so is divisible by With the given factor of it is divisible by and
But requires two factors of which is not guaranteed: is divisible by but not by
Thus, the correct answer is D.
13.
一个电话号码形式为 ,其中每个字母代表一个不同数字。号码每一部分中的数字都按递减顺序排列,即 、、。此外,、、 是连续偶数数字,、、、 是连续奇数数字,且 。求 。
A telephone number has the form where each letter represents a different digit. The digits in each part of the number are in decreasing order; that is, and Furthermore, and are consecutive even digits; and are consecutive odd digits; and Find
小提示:
四个连续奇数数字 必须是 或 。
The four consecutive odd digits must be or
大提示:
因为 会用到剩下的奇数数字,所以这个奇数数字必须是 。
Since uses the leftover odd digit, that odd digit must be
解答:
连续奇数数字 是 或 ,因此留给 、、 的奇数数字是 或 。由于 ,这个奇数数字只能是 ,所以 中两个偶数数字的和为 。
连续偶数数字组成的 可能是 、 或 ,于是留给 的偶数数字对分别为 、 或 。只有 的和为 ,所以 ,从而 。
所以正确答案是 E。
The consecutive odd digits are or leaving one odd digit ( or ) for Since the odd digit there must be so the two even digits in sum to
The consecutive even digits are or leaving even-digit pairs or for Only sums to so and
Thus, the correct answer is E.
14.
一个慈善机构卖出 张公益票,共收入 。一些票按全价出售,全价为整数美元;其余票按半价出售。全价票共筹得多少钱?
A charity sells benefit tickets for a total of Some tickets sell for full price (a whole dollar amount), and the rest sell for half price. How much money is raised by the full-price tickets?
小提示:
设有 张票以每张 美元的全价出售,则 。
Let tickets sell at full price then
大提示:
可得 ,且 。
This gives with
解答:
设 张全价票每张 美元。, 。
则 。在 的因数中,落在这个范围内的只有 。所以 ,得 、,全价票收入为 美元。
所以正确答案是 A。
Let full-price tickets sell at dollars each. Then so
Since the only factor of in range is So giving and The full-price tickets raise dollars.
Thus, the correct answer is A.
15.
一条街的两侧路缘平行,相距 英尺。一条由两条平行条纹围成的人行横道斜穿过街道。两条条纹在路缘上截出的长度为 英尺,每条条纹长 英尺。求两条条纹之间的距离,单位为英尺。
A street has parallel curbs feet apart. A crosswalk bounded by two parallel stripes crosses the street at an angle. The length of the curb between the stripes is feet and each stripe is feet long. Find the distance, in feet, between the stripes.
小提示:
人行横道是一个平行四边形;以路缘为底来计算面积。
The crosswalk is a parallelogram; compute its area using the curb as base
大提示:
同一面积也等于条纹长度乘以两条条纹之间的距离。
The same area equals stripe length times the distance between the stripes
解答:
人行横道是一个平行四边形。以路缘上的 英尺为底、街道宽 英尺为高,其面积为 。
以一条 英尺的条纹为底,面积等于 乘以两条条纹之间的距离 ,所以 。
所以正确答案是 C。
The crosswalk is a parallelogram. Using the curb ( ft) as base and the street width ( ft) as height, its area is square feet.
Using a stripe ( ft) as base, the area equals times the distance between the stripes, so
Thus, the correct answer is C.
16.
三个数的平均数比其中最小的数大 ,并且比其中最大的数小 。这三个数的中位数是 。它们的和是多少?
The mean of three numbers is more than the least of the numbers and less than the greatest. The median of the three numbers is What is their sum?
小提示:
设平均数为 ,则最小数是 ,最大数是 。
Let be the mean; then the least is and the greatest is
大提示:
中位数是 ,所以 。
The median is so
解答:
设平均数为 。最小数为 ,最大数为 ,中位数为 。
于是 满足 化简得 。
因此三个数的和为 。所以正确答案是 D。
Let be the mean. The least number is and the greatest is with median
Since the mean of the three is which gives
The sum is Thus, the correct answer is D.
17.
下列哪个圆锥可以由半径为 、圆心角为 的圆形扇形,将两条直边对齐后卷成?
Which of the cones below can be formed from a sector of a circle of radius by aligning the two straight sides?
小提示:
扇形的半径会成为圆锥的母线长。
The sector’s radius becomes the slant height of the cone
大提示:
弧长 会成为底面周长 。
The arc length becomes the base circumference
解答:
卷成圆锥时,扇形半径 成为圆锥的母线长,扇形弧长成为底面周长。
弧长为 ,所以 ,底面半径 。圆锥母线长为 ,底面半径为 。
所以正确答案是 C。
When rolled into a cone, the sector’s radius becomes the slant height, and the arc length becomes the base circumference.
The arc length is so gives base radius The cone has slant height and base radius
Thus, the correct answer is C.
18.
如图,平面由全等的正方形和全等的五边形铺成。被五边形覆盖的平面面积百分比最接近
The plane is tiled by congruent squares and congruent pentagons as indicated. The percent of the plane that is enclosed by the pentagons is closest to
小提示:
在一个重复的 小正方形块内计算。
Work within a repeating block of small squares
大提示:
在 个小正方形中,有 个位于五边形之外。
Of the small squares, lie outside the pentagons
解答:
考虑一个重复的 方块,共九个小正方形;其中四个不属于五边形,所以五边形覆盖的比例为 。
这个百分比最接近 。所以正确答案是 D。
Consider a repeating block of nine small squares. Four of these nine squares are not part of the pentagons, so the pentagons cover of the area.
This is closest to Thus, the correct answer is D.
19.
帕特想从充足供应的三种甜甜圈中买四个:糖霜、巧克力和糖粉。共有多少种不同选择?
Pat wants to buy four donuts from an ample supply of three types of donuts: glazed, chocolate, and powdered. How many different selections are possible?
20.
从边长为 的正方形四个角各切去一个等腰直角三角形,形成一个正八边形。这个八边形每条边的长度是多少?
A regular octagon is formed by cutting an isosceles right triangle from each of the corners of a square with sides of length What is the length of each side of the octagon?
小提示:
设八边形边长为 ;每个切去的等腰直角三角形的直角边为 。
Let each octagon side be each cut triangle has legs
大提示:
正方形的一条边由两条直角边和一条八边形边组成:。
Two legs plus a side span one edge of the square:
解答:
设八边形边长为 。每个被切去的等腰直角三角形的斜边也是八边形的一条边,所以它的直角边为 。
沿正方形的一条边,有两段这样的直角边和一条八边形边,因此 ,即 ,所以 。
所以正确答案是 B。
Let each octagon side be It is the hypotenuse of each cut isosceles right triangle, whose legs are
Along one side of the square, two legs and one octagon side give so and
Thus, the correct answer is B.
21.
一个直圆柱内接于一个直圆锥,圆柱的直径等于它的高。圆锥直径为 ,高为 ,且圆柱与圆锥的轴重合。求圆柱的半径。
A right circular cylinder with its diameter equal to its height is inscribed in a right circular cone. The cone has diameter and altitude and the axes of the cylinder and cone coincide. Find the radius of the cylinder.
小提示:
在轴截面中,圆柱半径为 ,高为 。
In an axial cross-section, the cylinder has radius and height
大提示:
相似三角形给出 。
Similar triangles give
解答:
取轴截面。圆锥底面半径为 、高为 ;圆柱截面的宽为 、高为 。
由相似三角形,,所以 ,即 ,从而 。
所以正确答案是 B。
Take an axial cross-section. The cone has base radius and height the cylinder appears as a rectangle of width and height
By similar triangles, so giving and
Thus, the correct answer is B.
22.
如图所示的幻方中,每一行、每一列和每条对角线上的数之和都相同。其中五个数分别用 、、、 和 表示。求 。
In the magic square shown, the sums of the numbers in each row, column, and diagonal are the same. Five of these numbers are represented by and Find
小提示:
第一行、第一列和主对角线都含有 。
The first row, first column, and main diagonal all contain
大提示:
因此这些线中另外两个数的和相等:。
So the other two entries of each match:
解答:
因为 位于第一行、第一列和主对角线上,这三条线中另外两个数的和相等:。所以 ,。
反对角线上的 、、 之和为 ,所以幻方和为 。于是 ,,。
因此 。所以正确答案是 D。
Since sits in the first row, first column, and main diagonal, the remaining two entries of each of those lines have equal sums: So and
The anti-diagonal sums to so the magic sum is Then and
Hence Thus, the correct answer is D.
23.
一个盒子里正好有五个筹码,其中三个红色、两个白色。每次随机取出一个且不放回,直到所有红色筹码都被取出或所有白色筹码都被取出为止。最后一次取出的筹码是白色的概率是多少?
A box contains exactly five chips, three red and two white. Chips are randomly removed one at a time without replacement until all the red chips are drawn or all the white chips are drawn. What is the probability that the last chip drawn is white?
小提示:
想象把五个筹码全部按随机顺序取出;游戏在某种颜色被取完时停止。
Imagine drawing all five chips; the game stops when one color is exhausted
大提示:
抽取过程停在白色筹码上,当且仅当完整五个筹码顺序中的最后一个筹码是红色。
The last drawn chip is white exactly when the very last of all five chips is red
解答:
想象先给五个筹码排一个随机顺序。游戏停在白色筹码上,恰好表示两个白色筹码都在所有三个红色筹码取完之前出现,也就是完整顺序中的最后一个筹码是红色。
最后一个筹码为红色的概率为 。所以正确答案是 D。
Imagine drawing all five chips in a random order. The drawing stops on a white chip exactly when both white chips come out before all three reds, which happens precisely when the very last chip in the full ordering is red.
That probability is Thus, the correct answer is D.
24.
在梯形 中, 和 都垂直于 ,且 、、。求 。
In trapezoid and are perpendicular to with and What is
25.
不超过 的正整数中,有多少个是 或 的倍数,但不是 的倍数?
How many positive integers not exceeding are multiples of or but not
小提示:
先数 或 的倍数,再去掉其中也是 的倍数的数。
Count the multiples of or then remove those that are also multiples of
大提示:
对 、、 使用容斥,再对 、、 使用容斥。
Use inclusion-exclusion with multiples of and then
解答:
不超过 的 或 的倍数共有 。
其中是 的倍数者,也就是 或 的倍数,共有 加 个,但要减去重复计算的 的倍数,共 个,因此共有 个。
所以所求个数为 。正确答案是 B。
Multiples of or up to
Among these, remove the multiples of there are multiples of and multiples of re-adding the multiples of
So the count is Thus, the correct answer is B.