2001 AMC 10 真题

向下滚动并点击“开始”即可作答!或前往可打印 PDF答案,或由 LIVE by Po-Shen Loh 精心整理的专业解答

所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

或直接跳转到某一道题及其解答: 1 · 2 · 3 · 4 · 5 · 6 · 7 · 8 · 9 · 10 · 11 · 12 · 13 · 14 · 15 · 16 · 17 · 18 · 19 · 20 · 21 · 22 · 23 · 24 · 25

想通过互动视频课程系统学习吗?

了解 LIVE课程

计时

1:15:00

1.

考虑下面这个列表:

n, n+3, n+4, n+5, n+6, n+8, n+10, n+12, n+15 \begin{gathered} n,\ n+3,\ n+4,\ n+5,\ n+6, \\ \ n+8,\ n+10,\ n+12,\ n+15 \end{gathered}

它的中位数是 1010。平均数是多少?

The median of the list

n, n+3, n+4, n+5, n+6, n+8, n+10, n+12, n+15 \begin{gathered} n,\ n+3,\ n+4,\ n+5,\ n+6, \\ \ n+8,\ n+10,\ n+12,\ n+15 \end{gathered}

is 10.10. What is the mean?

44

66

77

1010

1111

答案:E
知识点:中位数(数据)平均数
难度评级:790
小提示:

列表有 99 个数,所以中位数是第 55 项。

The list has 99 numbers, so the median is the 55th term

大提示:

55 项是 n+6n+6,所以令 n+6=10n+6=10

The 55th term is n+6,n+6, so set n+6=10n+6=10

解答:

99 个数已经按递增顺序排列,中位数是第 55n+6n+6,所以 n+6=10n+6=10,得 n=4n=4

代入后,各项之和的计算过程为 9n9n +(3+4+5+6+8+10+12+15)\small {}+(3+4+5+6+8+10+12+15) =9n+63=9n+63 =99=99,所以平均数是 999=11\frac{99}{9}=11

所以正确答案是 E

The list has 99 numbers in increasing order, so the median is the 55th term, n+6.n+6. Setting n+6=10n+6=10 gives n=4.n=4.

The sum of the terms is 9n9n +(3+4+5+6+8+10+12+15)\small {}+(3+4+5+6+8+10+12+15) =9n+63=9n+63 =99,=99, so the mean is 999=11.\frac{99}{9}=11.

Thus, the correct answer is E.

2.

一个数 xx 比它的倒数与它的加法逆元的乘积多 22。这个数位于哪个区间?

A number xx is 22 more than the product of its reciprocal and its additive inverse. In which interval does the number lie?

4x2-4 \le x \le -2

2<x0-2 \lt x \le 0

0<x20 \lt x \le 2

2<x42 \lt x \le 4

4<x64 \lt x \le 6

答案:C
知识点:分数代数变形
难度评级:960
小提示:

xx 的倒数是 1x\dfrac1x,加法逆元是 x-x

The reciprocal of xx is 1x\dfrac1x and the additive inverse is x-x

大提示:

它们的乘积是 1x(x)=1\dfrac1x\cdot(-x)=-1

Their product is 1x(x)=1\dfrac1x\cdot(-x)=-1

解答:

xx 的倒数是 1x\dfrac1x,加法逆元是 x-x,它们的乘积为 1x(x)=1\dfrac1x\cdot(-x)=-1

因此 x=2+(1)=1x=2+(-1)=1,位于区间 0<x20\lt x\le2

所以正确答案是 C

The reciprocal of xx is 1x\dfrac1x and its additive inverse is x.-x. Their product is 1x(x)=1.\dfrac1x\cdot(-x)=-1.

So x=2+(1)=1,x=2+(-1)=1, which lies in the interval 0<x2.0\lt x\le2.

Thus, the correct answer is C.

3.

两个数的和是 SS。若每个数都先加上 33,然后将所得的两个数各自加倍,那么最后两个数的和是多少?

The sum of two numbers is S.S. Suppose 33 is added to each number and then each of the resulting numbers is doubled. What is the sum of the final two numbers?

2S+32S+3

3S+23S+2

3S+63S+6

2S+62S+6

2S+122S+12

答案:E
难度评级:870
小提示:

设两个数为 aabb,且 a+b=Sa+b=S

Call the numbers aa and bb with a+b=Sa+b=S

大提示:

最后的和是 2(a+3)+2(b+3)2(a+3)+2(b+3)

The final sum is 2(a+3)+2(b+3)2(a+3)+2(b+3)

解答:

设两个数为 aabb,且 a+b=Sa+b=S。每个数加上 33 再加倍后,所得两数之和为 2(a+3)2(a+3) +2(b+3)+2(b+3) =2(a+b)+12=2(a+b)+12 =2S+12=2S+12

所以正确答案是 E

Let the numbers be aa and b,b, so a+b=S.a+b=S. After adding 33 to each and doubling, the sum is 2(a+3)2(a+3) +2(b+3)+2(b+3) =2(a+b)+12=2(a+b)+12 =2S+12.=2S+12.

Thus, the correct answer is E.

4.

一个圆和一个三角形最多可能有多少个交点?

What is the maximum number of possible points of intersection of a circle and a triangle?

22

33

44

55

66

答案:E
知识点:交点计数
难度评级:1040
小提示:

一条直线最多与一个圆相交于 22 个点。

A line can cross a circle in at most 22 points

大提示:

一个三角形有 33 条边。

A triangle has 33 sides

解答:

三角形的每条边都是线段,最多与圆相交于 22 个点;三角形有 33 条边,所以最多有 32=63\cdot2=6 个交点,而且这个上界可以达到。

所以正确答案是 E

Each side of the triangle is a segment, which can intersect a circle in at most 22 points. With 33 sides, the maximum is 32=63\cdot2=6 points, and this is achievable.

Thus, the correct answer is E.

5.

下图中的十二个五连方中,有多少个至少有一条对称轴?

How many of the twelve pentominoes pictured below have at least one line of symmetry?

33

44

55

66

77

答案:D
难度评级:1120
小提示:

对称轴会把图形折叠后与自身完全重合。

A line of symmetry folds the shape exactly onto itself

大提示:

分别检查十二个图形是否有水平、竖直或斜向的对称轴。

Check each of the twelve shapes for a horizontal, vertical, or diagonal fold line

解答:

逐一检查这些五连方的反射对称性,恰好有六个至少有一条对称轴:直条形、十字形、TT 形、UU 形、VV 形和 WW 形。其余六个都没有对称轴。

所以正确答案是 D

Checking each pentomino for a reflection line, exactly six have at least one: the straight bar, the plus, the TT-shape, the UU-shape, the VV-shape, and the WW-shape. The remaining six have no line of symmetry.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

6.

P(n)P(n)S(n)S(n) 分别表示整数 nn 的各位数字之积与各位数字之和。例如,P(23)=6P(23)=6S(23)=5S(23)=5。若 NN 是一个满足 N=P(N)+S(N)N=P(N)+S(N) 的两位数,求 NN 的个位数字。

Let P(n)P(n) and S(n)S(n) denote the product and the sum, respectively, of the digits of the integer n.n. For example, P(23)=6P(23)=6 and S(23)=5.S(23)=5. Suppose NN is a two-digit number such that N=P(N)+S(N).N=P(N)+S(N). What is the units digit of N?N?

22

33

66

88

99

答案:E
知识点:数字代数变形
难度评级:1100
小提示:

写成 N=10a+bN=10a+b,其中 aabb 是它的两个数字。

Write N=10a+b,N=10a+b, where aa and bb are its digits

大提示:

此时 10a+b=ab+(a+b)10a+b=ab+(a+b),可化简为 9a=ab9a=ab

Then 10a+b=ab+(a+b),10a+b=ab+(a+b), which simplifies to 9a=ab9a=ab

解答:

N=10a+bN=10a+b,则 P(N)=abP(N)=abS(N)=a+bS(N)=a+b,所以 10a+b=ab+a+b10a+b=ab+a+b。化简得 9a=ab9a=ab,因 a0a\ne0,故 b=9b=9

因此该数的个位数字是 99。所以正确答案是 E

Write N=10a+b.N=10a+b. Then P(N)=abP(N)=ab and S(N)=a+b,S(N)=a+b, so 10a+b=ab+a+b.10a+b=ab+a+b. This reduces to 9a=ab,9a=ab, and since a0,a\ne0, we get b=9.b=9.

The units digit is 9.9. Thus, the correct answer is E.

7.

将某个正小数的小数点向右移动四位后,得到的新数等于原数倒数的四倍。原数是多少?

When the decimal point of a certain positive decimal number is moved four places to the right, the new number is four times the reciprocal of the original number. What is the original number?

0.00020.0002

0.0020.002

0.020.02

0.20.2

22

答案:C
难度评级:1170
小提示:

小数点向右移动四位,相当于乘以 1000010000

Moving the decimal point four places right multiplies by 1000010000

大提示:

因此由 10000x=4x10000x=\dfrac{4}{x},可得 x2=410000x^2=\dfrac{4}{10000}

So 10000x=4x,10000x=\dfrac{4}{x}, giving x2=410000x^2=\dfrac{4}{10000}

解答:

设原数为 xx。小数点向右移动四位相当于乘以 1000010000,所以 10000x=41x10000x=4\cdot\dfrac1x,即 x2=410000x^2=\dfrac{4}{10000}

因为 x>0x\gt0,所以 x=2100=0.02x=\dfrac{2}{100}=0.02,这就是原数。

所以正确答案是 C

Moving the decimal four places right multiplies xx by 10000.10000. So 10000x=41x,10000x=4\cdot\dfrac1x, giving x2=410000.x^2=\dfrac{4}{10000}.

Since x>0,x\gt0, x=2100=0.02.x=\dfrac{2}{100}=0.02.

Thus, the correct answer is C.

8.

旺达、达伦、比阿特丽斯和奇是学校数学实验室的辅导员。他们的排班如下:达伦每三个上课日工作一次,旺达每四个上课日工作一次,比阿特丽斯每六个上课日工作一次,奇每七个上课日工作一次。今天他们四人都在数学实验室工作。从今天起再过多少个上课日,他们下一次会同时在实验室辅导?

Wanda, Darren, Beatrice, and Chi are tutors in the school math lab. Their schedule is as follows: Darren works every third school day, Wanda works every fourth school day, Beatrice works every sixth school day, and Chi works every seventh school day. Today they are all working in the math lab. In how many school days from today will they next be together tutoring in the lab?

4242

8484

126126

178178

252252

答案:B
难度评级:960
小提示:

33446677 的最小公倍数。

Find the least common multiple of 3,3, 4,4, 6,6, and 77

大提示:

最小公倍数需要包含因子 222^23377

The least common multiple needs the factors 22,2^2, 3,3, and 77

解答:

他们再次同时工作需要经过 lcm(3,4,6,7)\text{lcm}(3,4,6,7) 个上课日。因为 4=224=2^26=236=2\cdot3,所以最小公倍数为 2237=842^2\cdot3\cdot7=84

所以正确答案是 B

They meet again after lcm(3,4,6,7)\text{lcm}(3,4,6,7) days. Since 4=224=2^2 and 6=23,6=2\cdot3, the least common multiple is 2237=84.2^2\cdot3\cdot7=84.

Thus, the correct answer is B.

9.

克里斯汀所住州的所得税税率为:年收入前 $28000\$28000p%p\% 征税,超过 $28000\$28000 的部分按 (p+2)%(p+2)\% 征税。克里斯汀注意到她缴纳的州所得税等于年收入的 (p+0.25)%(p+0.25)\%。她的年收入是多少?

The state income tax where Kristin lives is levied at the rate of p%p\% of the first $28000\$28000 of annual income plus (p+2)%(p+2)\% of any amount above $28000.\$28000. Kristin noticed that the state income tax she paid amounted to (p+0.25)%(p+0.25)\% of her annual income. What was her annual income?

$28000\$28000

$32000\$32000

$35000\$35000

$42000\$42000

$56000\$56000

答案:B
难度评级:1370
小提示:

设她的收入为 x>28000x\gt28000,并用两种方式表示税额。

Let her income be x>28000x\gt28000 and write the tax two different ways

大提示:

税额满足 p100(28000)\dfrac{p}{100}(28000) +p+2100(x28000)+\dfrac{p+2}{100}(x-28000) =p+0.25100x=\dfrac{p+0.25}{100}x

p100(28000)\dfrac{p}{100}(28000) +p+2100(x28000)+\dfrac{p+2}{100}(x-28000) =p+0.25100x=\dfrac{p+0.25}{100}x

解答:

设年收入为 x28000x\ge28000

p100(28000)+p+2100(x28000)=p+0.25100x \begin{aligned} &\tfrac{p}{100}(28000) \\ &\quad {}+\tfrac{p+2}{100}(x-28000) \\ &\quad =\tfrac{p+0.25}{100}x \end{aligned}\text{。}

两边乘以 100100 并展开,所有含 pp 的项抵消,得到 2x56000=0.25x2x-56000=0.25x。因此 1.75x=560001.75x=56000,所以 x=32000x=32000

所以正确答案是 B

Let her income be x28000.x\ge28000. Then

p100(28000)+p+2100(x28000)=p+0.25100x. \begin{aligned} &\tfrac{p}{100}(28000) \\ &\quad {}+\tfrac{p+2}{100}(x-28000) \\ &\quad =\tfrac{p+0.25}{100}x. \end{aligned}

Multiplying by 100100 and expanding, all the pp terms cancel, leaving 2x56000=0.25x.2x-56000=0.25x. So 1.75x=560001.75x=56000 and x=32000.x=32000.

Thus, the correct answer is B.

10.

xxyyzz 为正数,且 xy=24xy=24xz=48xz=48yz=72yz=72,则 x+y+zx+y+z 等于多少?

If x,x, y,y, and zz are positive with xy=24,xy=24, xz=48,xz=48, and yz=72,yz=72, then x+y+zx+y+z is

1818

1919

2020

2222

2424

答案:D
难度评级:1240
小提示:

xz=48xz=48 除以 xy=24xy=24,得到 yyzz 的关系。

Divide xz=48xz=48 by xy=24xy=24 to relate yy and zz

大提示:

z=2yz=2yyz=72yz=72,解出 yy

From z=2yz=2y and yz=72,yz=72, solve for yy

解答:

xz=48xz=48 除以 xy=24xy=24,得 z=2yz=2y。再由 yz=2y2=72yz=2y^2=72,可得 y=6y=6,于是 z=12z=12x=24y=4x=\frac{24}{y}=4

因此 x+y+z=22x+y+z=22。所以正确答案是 D

Dividing xz=48xz=48 by xy=24xy=24 gives z=2y.z=2y. Then yz=2y2=72,yz=2y^2=72, so y=6,y=6, z=12,z=12, and x=24y=4.x=\frac{24}{y}=4.

Hence x+y+z=22.x+y+z=22. Thus, the correct answer is D.

11.

考虑单位正方形阵列中的深色正方形,图中只显示了一部分。围绕中心正方形的第一圈含有 88 个单位正方形,第二圈含有 1616 个单位正方形。若继续这个过程,第 100100 圈中有多少个单位正方形?

Consider the dark square in an array of unit squares, part of which is shown. The first ring of squares around this center square contains 88 unit squares. The second ring contains 1616 unit squares. If we continue this process, the number of unit squares in the 100100th ring is

396396

404404

800800

10,00010{,}000

10,40410{,}404

答案:C
知识点:平方差找规律
难度评级:1070
小提示:

nn 圈是一个 (2n+1)×(2n+1)(2n+1)\times(2n+1) 的正方形边框,去掉中间的 (2n1)×(2n1)(2n-1)\times(2n-1) 正方形。

The nnth ring is a (2n+1)×(2n+1)(2n+1)\times(2n+1) square with the (2n1)×(2n1)(2n-1)\times(2n-1) square removed

大提示:

(2n+1)2(2n1)2=8n(2n+1)^2-(2n-1)^2=8n

(2n+1)2(2n1)2=8n(2n+1)^2-(2n-1)^2=8n

解答:

nn 圈是一个 (2n+1)×(2n+1)(2n+1)\times(2n+1) 正方形的外边框,内部去掉一个 (2n1)×(2n1)(2n-1)\times(2n-1) 正方形,因此含有 (2n+1)2(2n1)2=8n(2n+1)^2-(2n-1)^2=8n 个单位正方形。

n=100n=100 时,个数为 800800。所以正确答案是 C

The nnth ring is the border of a (2n+1)×(2n+1)(2n+1)\times(2n+1) square surrounding a (2n1)×(2n1)(2n-1)\times(2n-1) square, so it contains (2n+1)2(2n1)2=8n(2n+1)^2-(2n-1)^2=8n unit squares.

For n=100,n=100, that is 800.800. Thus, the correct answer is C.

12.

假设 nn 是三个连续整数的乘积,并且 nn 能被 77 整除。下列哪一个不一定是 nn 的因数?

Suppose that nn is the product of three consecutive integers and that nn is divisible by 7.7. Which of the following is not necessarily a divisor of n?n?

66

1414

2121

2828

4242

答案:D
难度评级:1370
小提示:

三个连续整数中,一定有一个偶数,也一定有一个 33 的倍数。

Among three consecutive integers, one is even and one is a multiple of 33

大提示:

寻找一个需要两个因数 22 的选项;三个连续整数的乘积不一定含有两个这样的因数。

Look for a choice requiring two factors of 2;2; three consecutive integers need not provide both

解答:

三个连续整数中,一定有一个是 33 的倍数,且乘积 nn 也有一个偶数因子,因此能被 66 整除。再加上题设的因数 77,它一定能被 66141421214242 整除。

28=22728=2^2\cdot7 需要两个因数 22,这不一定保证;例如 567=2105\cdot6\cdot7=210 能被 77 整除,却不能被 2828 整除。

所以正确答案是 D

Among three consecutive integers, at least one is even and one is a multiple of 3,3, so nn is divisible by 6.6. With the given factor of 7,7, it is divisible by 6,6, 14,14, 21,21, and 42.42.

But 28=22728=2^2\cdot7 requires two factors of 2,2, which is not guaranteed: 567=2105\cdot6\cdot7=210 is divisible by 77 but not by 28.28.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

13.

一个电话号码形式为 ABCDEFGHIJABC-DEF-GHIJ,其中每个字母代表一个不同数字。号码每一部分中的数字都按递减顺序排列,即 A>B>CA\gt B\gt CD>E>FD\gt E\gt FG>H>I>JG\gt H\gt I\gt J。此外,DDEEFF 是连续偶数数字,GGHHIIJJ 是连续奇数数字,且 A+B+C=9A+B+C=9。求 AA

A telephone number has the form ABCDEFGHIJ,ABC-DEF-GHIJ, where each letter represents a different digit. The digits in each part of the number are in decreasing order; that is, A>B>C,A\gt B\gt C, D>E>F,D\gt E\gt F, and G>H>I>J.G\gt H\gt I\gt J. Furthermore, D,D, E,E, and FF are consecutive even digits; G,G, H,H, I,I, and JJ are consecutive odd digits; and A+B+C=9.A+B+C=9. Find A.A.

44

55

66

77

88

答案:E
难度评级:1550
小提示:

四个连续奇数数字 GHIJGHIJ 必须是 9753975375317531

The four consecutive odd digits GHIJGHIJ must be 97539753 or 75317531

大提示:

因为 A+B+C=9A+B+C=9 会用到剩下的奇数数字,所以这个奇数数字必须是 11

Since A+B+C=9A+B+C=9 uses the leftover odd digit, that odd digit must be 11

解答:

连续奇数数字 GHIJGHIJ9753975375317531,因此留给 AABBCC 的奇数数字是 1199。由于 A+B+C=9A+B+C=9,这个奇数数字只能是 11,所以 ABCABC 中两个偶数数字的和为 88

连续偶数数字组成的 DEFDEF 可能是 864864642642420420,于是留给 ABCABC 的偶数数字对分别为 {2,0}\{2,0\}{8,0}\{8,0\}{8,6}\{8,6\}。只有 {8,0}\{8,0\} 的和为 88,所以 ABC=810ABC=810,从而 A=8A=8

所以正确答案是 E

The consecutive odd digits GHIJGHIJ are 97539753 or 7531,7531, leaving one odd digit (11 or 99) for A,A, B,B, C.C. Since A+B+C=9,A+B+C=9, the odd digit there must be 1,1, so the two even digits in ABCABC sum to 8.8.

The consecutive even digits DEFDEF are 864,864, 642,642, or 420,420, leaving even-digit pairs {2,0},\{2,0\}, {8,0},\{8,0\}, or {8,6}\{8,6\} for ABC.ABC. Only {8,0}\{8,0\} sums to 8,8, so ABC=810ABC=810 and A=8.A=8.

Thus, the correct answer is E.

14.

一个慈善机构卖出 140140 张公益票,共收入 $2001\$2001。一些票按全价出售,全价为整数美元;其余票按半价出售。全价票共筹得多少钱?

A charity sells 140140 benefit tickets for a total of $2001.\$2001. Some tickets sell for full price (a whole dollar amount), and the rest sell for half price. How much money is raised by the full-price tickets?

$782\$782

$986\$986

$1158\$1158

$1219\$1219

$1449\$1449

答案:A
难度评级:1490
小提示:

设有 nn 张票以每张 pp 美元的全价出售,则 np+(140n)p2=2001np+(140-n)\dfrac p2=2001

Let nn tickets sell at full price p;p; then np+(140n)p2=2001np+(140-n)\dfrac p2=2001

大提示:

可得 p(n+140)p(n+140) =4002=4002 =232329=2\cdot3\cdot23\cdot29,且 140n+140280140\le n+140\le280

This gives p(n+140)p(n+140) =4002=4002 =232329,=2\cdot3\cdot23\cdot29, with 140n+140280140\le n+140\le280

解答:

nn 张全价票每张 pp 美元。np+(140n)p2=2001np+(140-n)\dfrac p2=2001p(n+140)p(n+140) =4002=4002 =232329=2\cdot3\cdot23\cdot29

140n+140280140\le n+140\le280。在 40024002 的因数中,落在这个范围内的只有 174=2329174=2\cdot3\cdot29。所以 n+140=174n+140=174,得 n=34n=34p=23p=23,全价票收入为 3423=78234\cdot23=782 美元。

所以正确答案是 A

Let nn full-price tickets sell at pp dollars each. Then np+(140n)p2=2001,np+(140-n)\dfrac p2=2001, so p(n+140)p(n+140) =4002=4002 =232329.=2\cdot3\cdot23\cdot29.

Since 140n+140280,140\le n+140\le280, the only factor of 40024002 in range is 174=2329.174=2\cdot3\cdot29. So n+140=174,n+140=174, giving n=34n=34 and p=23.p=23. The full-price tickets raise 3423=78234\cdot23=782 dollars.

Thus, the correct answer is A.

15.

一条街的两侧路缘平行,相距 4040 英尺。一条由两条平行条纹围成的人行横道斜穿过街道。两条条纹在路缘上截出的长度为 1515 英尺,每条条纹长 5050 英尺。求两条条纹之间的距离,单位为英尺。

A street has parallel curbs 4040 feet apart. A crosswalk bounded by two parallel stripes crosses the street at an angle. The length of the curb between the stripes is 1515 feet and each stripe is 5050 feet long. Find the distance, in feet, between the stripes.

99

1010

1212

1515

2525

答案:C
难度评级:1410
小提示:

人行横道是一个平行四边形;以路缘为底来计算面积。

The crosswalk is a parallelogram; compute its area using the curb as base

大提示:

同一面积也等于条纹长度乘以两条条纹之间的距离。

The same area equals stripe length times the distance between the stripes

解答:

人行横道是一个平行四边形。以路缘上的 1515 英尺为底、街道宽 4040 英尺为高,其面积为 1540=60015\cdot40=600

以一条 5050 英尺的条纹为底,面积等于 5050 乘以两条条纹之间的距离 dd,所以 d=60050=12d=\frac{600}{50}=12

所以正确答案是 C

The crosswalk is a parallelogram. Using the curb (1515 ft) as base and the street width (4040 ft) as height, its area is 1540=60015\cdot40=600 square feet.

Using a stripe (5050 ft) as base, the area equals 5050 times the distance dd between the stripes, so d=60050=12.d=\frac{600}{50}=12.

Thus, the correct answer is C.

16.

三个数的平均数比其中最小的数大 1010,并且比其中最大的数小 1515。这三个数的中位数是 55。它们的和是多少?

The mean of three numbers is 1010 more than the least of the numbers and 1515 less than the greatest. The median of the three numbers is 5.5. What is their sum?

55

2020

2525

3030

3636

答案:D
难度评级:1280
小提示:

设平均数为 mm,则最小数是 m10m-10,最大数是 m+15m+15

Let mm be the mean; then the least is m10m-10 and the greatest is m+15m+15

大提示:

中位数是 55,所以 13((m10)+5+(m+15))\dfrac13\big((m-10)+5+(m+15)\big) =m=m

The median is 5,5, so 13((m10)+5+(m+15))\dfrac13\big((m-10)+5+(m+15)\big) =m=m

解答:

设平均数为 mm。最小数为 m10m-10,最大数为 m+15m+15,中位数为 55

于是 mm 满足 13((m10)+5+(m+15))=m \begin{aligned} &\tfrac13\big((m-10)+5+(m+15)\big) \\ &\quad =m \end{aligned} 化简得 m=10m=10

因此三个数的和为 3m=303m=30。所以正确答案是 D

Let mm be the mean. The least number is m10m-10 and the greatest is m+15,m+15, with median 5.5.

Since the mean of the three is m,m, 13((m10)+5+(m+15))=m, \begin{aligned} &\tfrac13\big((m-10)+5+(m+15)\big) \\ &\quad =m, \end{aligned} which gives m=10.m=10.

The sum is 3m=30.3m=30. Thus, the correct answer is D.

17.

下列哪个圆锥可以由半径为 1010、圆心角为 252252^\circ 的圆形扇形,将两条直边对齐后卷成?

Which of the cones below can be formed from a 252252^\circ sector of a circle of radius 1010 by aligning the two straight sides?

答案:C
难度评级:1490
小提示:

扇形的半径会成为圆锥的母线长。

The sector’s radius becomes the slant height of the cone

大提示:

弧长 2523602π10\dfrac{252}{360}\cdot2\pi\cdot10 会成为底面周长 2πr2\pi r

The arc length 2523602π10\dfrac{252}{360}\cdot2\pi\cdot10 becomes the base circumference 2πr2\pi r

解答:

卷成圆锥时,扇形半径 1010 成为圆锥的母线长,扇形弧长成为底面周长。

弧长为 2523602π10=14π\dfrac{252}{360}\cdot2\pi\cdot10=14\pi,所以 2πr=14π2\pi r=14\pi,底面半径 r=7r=7。圆锥母线长为 1010,底面半径为 77

所以正确答案是 C

When rolled into a cone, the sector’s radius 1010 becomes the slant height, and the arc length becomes the base circumference.

The arc length is 2523602π10=14π,\dfrac{252}{360}\cdot2\pi\cdot10=14\pi, so 2πr=14π2\pi r=14\pi gives base radius r=7.r=7. The cone has slant height 1010 and base radius 7.7.

Thus, the correct answer is C.

18.

如图,平面由全等的正方形和全等的五边形铺成。被五边形覆盖的平面面积百分比最接近

The plane is tiled by congruent squares and congruent pentagons as indicated. The percent of the plane that is enclosed by the pentagons is closest to

5050

5252

5454

5656

5858

答案:D
难度评级:1530
小提示:

在一个重复的 3×33\times3 小正方形块内计算。

Work within a repeating 3×33\times3 block of small squares

大提示:

99 个小正方形中,有 44 个位于五边形之外。

Of the 99 small squares, 44 lie outside the pentagons

解答:

考虑一个重复的 3×33\times3 方块,共九个小正方形;其中四个不属于五边形,所以五边形覆盖的比例为 149=5955.6%1-\dfrac49=\dfrac59\approx55.6\%

这个百分比最接近 5656。所以正确答案是 D

Consider a repeating 3×33\times3 block of nine small squares. Four of these nine squares are not part of the pentagons, so the pentagons cover 149=5955.6%1-\dfrac49=\dfrac59\approx55.6\% of the area.

This is closest to 56.56. Thus, the correct answer is D.

19.

帕特想从充足供应的三种甜甜圈中买四个:糖霜、巧克力和糖粉。共有多少种不同选择?

Pat wants to buy four donuts from an ample supply of three types of donuts: glazed, chocolate, and powdered. How many different selections are possible?

66

99

1212

1515

1818

答案:D
知识点:隔板法组合
难度评级:1340
小提示:

计算非负整数解 g+c+p=4g+c+p=4 的个数。

Count nonnegative integer solutions of g+c+p=4g+c+p=4

大提示:

使用插板法:(4+22)\dbinom{4+2}{2}

Use stars and bars: (4+22)\dbinom{4+2}{2}

解答:

不同选择的数量等于方程 g+c+p=4g+c+p=4 的非负整数解个数。由插板法,解的个数为 (4+22)=(62)=15\dbinom{4+2}{2}=\dbinom62=15

所以正确答案是 D

The number of selections is the number of nonnegative integer solutions of g+c+p=4.g+c+p=4. By stars and bars, this is (4+22)=(62)=15.\dbinom{4+2}{2}=\dbinom62=15.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

20.

从边长为 20002000 的正方形四个角各切去一个等腰直角三角形,形成一个正八边形。这个八边形每条边的长度是多少?

A regular octagon is formed by cutting an isosceles right triangle from each of the corners of a square with sides of length 2000.2000. What is the length of each side of the octagon?

13(2000)\dfrac13(2000)

2000(21)2000(\sqrt2-1)

2000(22)2000(2-\sqrt2)

10001000

100021000\sqrt2

答案:B
难度评级:1580
小提示:

设八边形边长为 xx;每个切去的等腰直角三角形的直角边为 x2\dfrac{x}{\sqrt2}

Let each octagon side be x;x; each cut triangle has legs x2\dfrac{x}{\sqrt2}

大提示:

正方形的一条边由两条直角边和一条八边形边组成:2x2+x=20002\cdot\dfrac{x}{\sqrt2}+x=2000

Two legs plus a side span one edge of the square: 2x2+x=20002\cdot\dfrac{x}{\sqrt2}+x=2000

解答:

设八边形边长为 xx。每个被切去的等腰直角三角形的斜边也是八边形的一条边,所以它的直角边为 x2\dfrac{x}{\sqrt2}

沿正方形的一条边,有两段这样的直角边和一条八边形边,因此 2x2+x=20002\cdot\dfrac{x}{\sqrt2}+x=2000,即 x(2+1)=2000x(\sqrt2+1)=2000,所以 x=20002+1=2000(21)x=\dfrac{2000}{\sqrt2+1}=2000(\sqrt2-1)

所以正确答案是 B

Let each octagon side be x.x. It is the hypotenuse of each cut isosceles right triangle, whose legs are x2.\dfrac{x}{\sqrt2}.

Along one side of the square, two legs and one octagon side give 2x2+x=2000,2\cdot\dfrac{x}{\sqrt2}+x=2000, so x(2+1)=2000x(\sqrt2+1)=2000 and x=20002+1=2000(21).x=\dfrac{2000}{\sqrt2+1}=2000(\sqrt2-1).

Thus, the correct answer is B.

21.

一个直圆柱内接于一个直圆锥,圆柱的直径等于它的高。圆锥直径为 1010,高为 1212,且圆柱与圆锥的轴重合。求圆柱的半径。

A right circular cylinder with its diameter equal to its height is inscribed in a right circular cone. The cone has diameter 1010 and altitude 12,12, and the axes of the cylinder and cone coincide. Find the radius of the cylinder.

83\dfrac83

3011\dfrac{30}{11}

33

258\dfrac{25}{8}

72\dfrac72

答案:B
知识点:相似圆锥圆柱
难度评级:1680
小提示:

在轴截面中,圆柱半径为 rr,高为 2r2r

In an axial cross-section, the cylinder has radius rr and height 2r2r

大提示:

相似三角形给出 122rr=125\dfrac{12-2r}{r}=\dfrac{12}{5}

Similar triangles give 122rr=125\dfrac{12-2r}{r}=\dfrac{12}{5}

解答:

取轴截面。圆锥底面半径为 55、高为 1212;圆柱截面的宽为 2r2r、高为 2r2r

由相似三角形,122rr=125\dfrac{12-2r}{r}=\dfrac{12}{5},所以 5(122r)=12r5(12-2r)=12r,即 60=22r60=22r,从而 r=3011r=\dfrac{30}{11}

所以正确答案是 B

Take an axial cross-section. The cone has base radius 55 and height 12;12; the cylinder appears as a rectangle of width 2r2r and height 2r.2r.

By similar triangles, 122rr=125,\dfrac{12-2r}{r}=\dfrac{12}{5}, so 5(122r)=12r,5(12-2r)=12r, giving 60=22r60=22r and r=3011.r=\dfrac{30}{11}.

Thus, the correct answer is B.

22.

如图所示的幻方中,每一行、每一列和每条对角线上的数之和都相同。其中五个数分别用 vvwwxxyyzz 表示。求 y+zy+z

In the magic square shown, the sums of the numbers in each row, column, and diagonal are the same. Five of these numbers are represented by v,v, w,w, x,x, y,y, and z.z. Find y+z.y+z.

4343

4444

4545

4646

4747

答案:D
知识点:幻方一次方程
难度评级:1530
小提示:

第一行、第一列和主对角线都含有 vv

The first row, first column, and main diagonal all contain vv

大提示:

因此这些线中另外两个数的和相等:25+18=24+w=21+x25+18=24+w=21+x

So the other two entries of each match: 25+18=24+w=21+x25+18=24+w=21+x

解答:

因为 vv 位于第一行、第一列和主对角线上,这三条线中另外两个数的和相等:25+18=24+w=21+x25+18=24+w=21+x。所以 w=19w=19x=22x=22

反对角线上的 252522221919 之和为 6666,所以幻方和为 6666。于是 v=662419=23v=66-24-19=23y=661822=26y=66-18-22=26z=662521=20z=66-25-21=20

因此 y+z=46y+z=46。所以正确答案是 D

Since vv sits in the first row, first column, and main diagonal, the remaining two entries of each of those lines have equal sums: 25+18=24+w=21+x.25+18=24+w=21+x. So w=19w=19 and x=22.x=22.

The anti-diagonal 25,25, 22,22, 1919 sums to 66,66, so the magic sum is 66.66. Then v=662419=23,v=66-24-19=23, y=661822=26,y=66-18-22=26, and z=662521=20.z=66-25-21=20.

Hence y+z=46.y+z=46. Thus, the correct answer is D.

23.

一个盒子里正好有五个筹码,其中三个红色、两个白色。每次随机取出一个且不放回,直到所有红色筹码都被取出或所有白色筹码都被取出为止。最后一次取出的筹码是白色的概率是多少?

A box contains exactly five chips, three red and two white. Chips are randomly removed one at a time without replacement until all the red chips are drawn or all the white chips are drawn. What is the probability that the last chip drawn is white?

310\dfrac{3}{10}

25\dfrac25

12\dfrac12

35\dfrac35

710\dfrac{7}{10}

答案:D
难度评级:1690
小提示:

想象把五个筹码全部按随机顺序取出;游戏在某种颜色被取完时停止。

Imagine drawing all five chips; the game stops when one color is exhausted

大提示:

抽取过程停在白色筹码上,当且仅当完整五个筹码顺序中的最后一个筹码是红色。

The last drawn chip is white exactly when the very last of all five chips is red

解答:

想象先给五个筹码排一个随机顺序。游戏停在白色筹码上,恰好表示两个白色筹码都在所有三个红色筹码取完之前出现,也就是完整顺序中的最后一个筹码是红色。

最后一个筹码为红色的概率为 35\dfrac{3}{5}。所以正确答案是 D

Imagine drawing all five chips in a random order. The drawing stops on a white chip exactly when both white chips come out before all three reds, which happens precisely when the very last chip in the full ordering is red.

That probability is 35.\dfrac{3}{5}. Thus, the correct answer is D.

24.

在梯形 ABCDABCD 中,AB\overline{AB}CD\overline{CD} 都垂直于 AD\overline{AD},且 AB+CD=BCAB+CD=BCAB<CDAB\lt CDAD=7AD=7。求 ABCDAB\cdot CD

In trapezoid ABCD,ABCD, AB\overline{AB} and CD\overline{CD} are perpendicular to AD,\overline{AD}, with AB+CD=BC,AB+CD=BC, AB<CD,AB\lt CD, and AD=7.AD=7. What is ABCD?AB\cdot CD?

1212

12.2512.25

12.512.5

12.7512.75

1313

答案:B
难度评级:1810
小提示:

BBCDCD 作垂线,垂足为 EE;则 BE=AD=7BE=AD=7CE=CDABCE=CD-AB

Drop a perpendicular from BB to CDCD at E;E; then BE=AD=7BE=AD=7 and CE=CDABCE=CD-AB

大提示:

BC2=BE2+CE2BC^2=BE^2+CE^2,并且 BC=CD+ABBC=CD+AB

BC2=BE2+CE2BC^2=BE^2+CE^2 with BC=CD+ABBC=CD+AB

解答:

BBCDCD 作垂线,交于 EE。于是 BE=AD=7BE=AD=7CE=CDABCE=CD-AB,并且 BC2=BE2+CE2BC^2=BE^2+CE^2

又因为 BC=CD+ABBC=CD+AB,所以 (CD+AB)2(CDAB)2=BE2=49 \begin{aligned} &(CD+AB)^2 \\ &\quad {}-(CD-AB)^2 \\ &\quad =BE^2=49 \end{aligned}\text{。}

左边等于 4ABCD4\cdot AB\cdot CD,因此 ABCD=494=12.25AB\cdot CD=\dfrac{49}{4}=12.25

所以正确答案是 B

Drop a perpendicular from BB to CD,CD, meeting it at E.E. Then BE=AD=7BE=AD=7 and CE=CDAB.CE=CD-AB. By the Pythagorean theorem, BC2=BE2+CE2.BC^2=BE^2+CE^2.

Since BC=CD+AB,BC=CD+AB, (CD+AB)2(CDAB)2=BE2=49. \begin{aligned} &(CD+AB)^2 \\ &\quad {}-(CD-AB)^2 \\ &\quad =BE^2=49. \end{aligned}

The left side equals 4ABCD,4\cdot AB\cdot CD, so ABCD=494=12.25.AB\cdot CD=\dfrac{49}{4}=12.25.

Thus, the correct answer is B.

25.

不超过 20012001 的正整数中,有多少个是 3344 的倍数,但不是 55 的倍数?

How many positive integers not exceeding 20012001 are multiples of 33 or 44 but not 5?5?

768768

801801

934934

10671067

11671167

答案:B
难度评级:1530
小提示:

先数 3344 的倍数,再去掉其中也是 55 的倍数的数。

Count the multiples of 33 or 4,4, then remove those that are also multiples of 55

大提示:

33441212 使用容斥,再对 151520206060 使用容斥。

Use inclusion-exclusion with multiples of 3,3, 4,4, 1212 and then 15,15, 20,20, 6060

解答:

不超过 200120013344 的倍数共有 20013\left\lfloor\tfrac{2001}{3}\right\rfloor +20014+\left\lfloor\tfrac{2001}{4}\right\rfloor 200112-\left\lfloor\tfrac{2001}{12}\right\rfloor =667+500166=667+500-166 =1001=1001

其中是 55 的倍数者,也就是 15152020 的倍数,共有 133133100100 个,但要减去重复计算的 6060 的倍数,共 3333 个,因此共有 133+10033=200133+100-33=200 个。

所以所求个数为 1001200=8011001-200=801。正确答案是 B

Multiples of 33 or 44 up to 2001:2001: 20013\left\lfloor\tfrac{2001}{3}\right\rfloor +20014+\left\lfloor\tfrac{2001}{4}\right\rfloor 200112-\left\lfloor\tfrac{2001}{12}\right\rfloor =667+500166=667+500-166 =1001.=1001.

Among these, remove the multiples of 5:5: there are 133133 multiples of 1515 and 100100 multiples of 20,20, re-adding the 3333 multiples of 60:60: 133+10033=200.133+100-33=200.

So the count is 1001200=801.1001-200=801. Thus, the correct answer is B.