2020 AIME II Problem 13

Attempt Problem 13 of the 2020 AIME II below, then check your answer against the professionally curated solution from LIVE by Po-Shen Loh. You can also try the full timed exam, view all 2020 AIME II solutions, or check the answer key.

All problems are used with official legal permission of the Mathematical Association of America (MAA).

13.

Convex pentagon ABCDEABCDE has side lengths AB=5,AB = 5, BC=CD=DE=6,BC = CD = DE = 6, and EA=7.EA = 7. Moreover, the pentagon has an inscribed circle (a circle tangent to each side of the pentagon). Find the area of ABCDE.ABCDE.

Answer: 60
Concepts:incircle, incenter, and inradiustangent linetrigonometric identity
Difficulty rating: 3060
Solution:

Let the tangent lengths from A,B,C,D,EA, B, C, D, E to the incircle be a,b,c,d,e.a, b, c, d, e. Then a+b=5,a + b = 5, b+c=6,b + c = 6, c+d=6,c + d = 6, d+e=6,d + e = 6, and e+a=7.e + a = 7. The middle equations give d=bd = b and e=c,e = c, so c+a=7;c + a = 7; with a+b=5a + b = 5 and b+c=6b + c = 6 this yields a=3,a = 3, b=d=2,b = d = 2, c=e=4.c = e = 4. If rr is the inradius, the interior angle at a vertex with tangent length tt satisfies tanθ2=rt,\tan\frac{\theta}{2} = \frac{r}{t}, and the half-angles sum to half of 540:540^\circ: arctanr3+2arctanr2+2arctanr4=270. \begin{aligned} &\arctan\frac{r}{3} + 2\arctan\frac{r}{2} \\ &\quad {}+ 2\arctan\frac{r}{4} = 270^\circ. \end{aligned}

Let β=arctanr2\beta = \arctan\frac{r}{2} and γ=arctanr4.\gamma = \arctan\frac{r}{4}. Then arctanr3=2702(β+γ),\arctan\frac{r}{3} = 270^\circ - 2(\beta + \gamma), and since tan(270θ)=cotθ,\tan(270^\circ - \theta) = \cot\theta, we get r3=cot2(β+γ).\frac{r}{3} = \cot 2(\beta + \gamma). With T=tan(β+γ)=r/2+r/41r2/8T = \tan(\beta + \gamma) = \frac{r/2 + r/4}{1 - r^2/8} =6r8r2,= \frac{6r}{8 - r^2}, the identity r3=1T22T\frac{r}{3} = \frac{1 - T^2}{2T} becomes 2rT=3(1T2),2rT = 3(1 - T^2), and substituting TT and clearing denominators gives 5r484r2+64=0,5r^4 - 84r^2 + 64 = 0, so r2=16r^2 = 16 or r2=45.r^2 = \frac{4}{5}. For r2=45r^2 = \frac{4}{5} every half-angle is well under 54,54^\circ, so the half-angle sum falls far short of 270;270^\circ; this root is extraneous. Hence r=4.r = 4.

The semiperimeter is s=5+6+6+6+72=15,s = \frac{5 + 6 + 6 + 6 + 7}{2} = 15, so the area is rs=415=60.rs = 4 \cdot 15 = 60.

← Problem 12#12
Full Exam

Problem 13 in Other Years