2015 AIME II Problem 15

Attempt Problem 15 of the 2015 AIME II below, then check your answer against the professionally curated solution from LIVE by Po-Shen Loh. You can also try the full timed exam, view all 2015 AIME II solutions, or check the answer key.

All problems are used with official legal permission of the Mathematical Association of America (MAA).

15.

Circles P\mathcal{P} and Q\mathcal{Q} have radii 11 and 4,4, respectively, and are externally tangent at point A.A. Point BB is on P\mathcal{P} and point CC is on Q\mathcal{Q} so that line BCBC is a common external tangent of the two circles. A line \ell through AA intersects P\mathcal{P} again at DD and intersects Q\mathcal{Q} again at E.E. Points BB and CC lie on the same side of ,\ell, and the areas of DBA\triangle DBA and ACE\triangle ACE are equal. This common area is mn,\frac{m}{n}, where mm and nn are relatively prime positive integers. Find m+n.m + n.

Answer: 129
Concepts:homothetytangent circlescoordinate geometrytriangle area
Difficulty rating: 3500
Solution:

Place line BCBC on the xx-axis, so the centers are P=(0,1)P = (0, 1) and Q=(4,4)Q = (4, 4) (their distance is 1+4=51 + 4 = 5), with B=(0,0),B = (0, 0), C=(4,0),C = (4, 0), and the tangency point A=P+15(QP)=(45,85).A = P + \frac{1}{5}(Q - P) = \left(\frac{4}{5}, \frac{8}{5}\right). The homothety centered at AA with ratio 4-4 carries P\mathcal{P} to Q\mathcal{Q} and DD to E,E, so AE=4AD.AE = 4\,AD. Since [DBA]=12ADd(B,)[DBA] = \frac{1}{2} AD \cdot d(B, \ell) and [ACE]=12AEd(C,),[ACE] = \frac{1}{2} AE \cdot d(C, \ell), the equal-area condition is d(B,)=4d(C,)d(B, \ell) = 4\,d(C, \ell) with BB and CC on the same side of .\ell.

Write \ell as u(x45)+v(y85)=0.u\left(x - \frac{4}{5}\right) + v\left(y - \frac{8}{5}\right) = 0. Its signed values at BB and CC are 4u+8v5-\frac{4u + 8v}{5} and 16u8v5,\frac{16u - 8v}{5}, so the same-side ratio-44 condition reads (4u+8v)=4(16u8v),-(4u + 8v) = 4(16u - 8v), giving 24v=68u,24v = 68u, i.e. v=176u.v = \frac{17}{6}u. Taking (u,v)=(6,17),(u, v) = (6, 17), the line is 6x+17y=32.6x + 17y = 32.

Then d(B,)=32325,d(B, \ell) = \frac{32}{\sqrt{325}}, and the center P=(0,1)P = (0, 1) is at distance 15325\frac{15}{\sqrt{325}} from ,\ell, so the chord gives AD=21225325=20325.AD = 2\sqrt{1 - \frac{225}{325}} = \frac{20}{\sqrt{325}}. The common area is 122032532325=320325=6465, \begin{aligned} &\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{20}{\sqrt{325}} \cdot \frac{32}{\sqrt{325}} \\ &= \frac{320}{325} = \frac{64}{65}, \end{aligned} so m+n=64+65=129.m + n = 64 + 65 = 129.

← Problem 14#14
Full Exam

Problem 15 in Other Years