2013 AIME II Problem 15

Attempt Problem 15 of the 2013 AIME II below, then check your answer against the professionally curated solution from LIVE by Po-Shen Loh. You can also try the full timed exam, view all 2013 AIME II solutions, or check the answer key.

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15.

Let A,A, B,B, CC be angles of a triangle with AA and CC acute and BB greater than a right angle satisfying cos⁡2A+cos⁡2B+2sin⁡Asin⁡Bcos⁡C=158 \begin{aligned} &\cos^2 A + \cos^2 B \\ &\quad {}+ 2 \sin A \sin B \cos C = \frac{15}{8} \end{aligned} and cos⁡2B+cos⁡2C+2sin⁡Bsin⁡Ccos⁡A=149. \begin{aligned} &\cos^2 B + \cos^2 C \\ &\quad {}+ 2 \sin B \sin C \cos A = \frac{14}{9}. \end{aligned} There are positive integers p,p, q,q, r,r, and ss for which cos⁡2C+cos⁡2A+2sin⁡Csin⁡Acos⁡B=p−qrs, \begin{aligned} &\cos^2 C + \cos^2 A \\ &\quad {}+ 2 \sin C \sin A \cos B \\ &= \frac{p - q\sqrt{r}}{s}, \end{aligned} where p+qp + q and ss are relatively prime and rr is not divisible by the square of any prime. Find p+q+r+s.p + q + r + s.

Answer: 222
Concepts:law of sineslaw of cosinestrigonometric identity
Difficulty rating: 3370
Small Hint:

Rewrite the first equation as sin⁡2A+sin⁡2B\sin^2 A + \sin^2 B −2sin⁡Asin⁡Bcos⁡C=18;- 2\sin A \sin B \cos C = \frac{1}{8}; the laws of sines and cosines turn the left side into sin⁡2C\sin^2 C

Big Hint:

So sin⁡2C=18\sin^2 C = \frac{1}{8} and sin⁡2A=49,\sin^2 A = \frac{4}{9}, and the requested quantity is 2−sin⁡2B2 - \sin^2 B with sin⁡B=sin⁡(A+C)\sin B = \sin(A + C)

Solution:

Replacing each cos⁡2\cos^2 by 1−sin⁡2,1 - \sin^2, the first equation becomes sin⁡2A+sin⁡2B\sin^2 A + \sin^2 B −2sin⁡Asin⁡Bcos⁡C=18.- 2 \sin A \sin B \cos C = \frac{1}{8}. By the law of sines, sin⁡A=a2R\sin A = \frac{a}{2R} and so on, so the left side equals a2+b2−2abcos⁡C4R2=c24R2=sin⁡2C \begin{aligned} \frac{a^2 + b^2 - 2ab\cos C}{4R^2} &= \frac{c^2}{4R^2} \\ &= \sin^2 C \end{aligned} by the law of cosines. Hence sin⁡2C=2−158=18.\sin^2 C = 2 - \frac{15}{8} = \frac{1}{8}. The same argument turns the second equation into sin⁡2A=2−149=49,\sin^2 A = 2 - \frac{14}{9} = \frac{4}{9}, and shows the requested expression equals 2−sin⁡2B.2 - \sin^2 B.

Since AA and CC are acute, cos⁡A=53\cos A = \frac{\sqrt{5}}{3} and cos⁡C=144,\cos C = \frac{\sqrt{14}}{4}, with sin⁡A=23\sin A = \frac{2}{3} and sin⁡C=24.\sin C = \frac{\sqrt{2}}{4}. Then sin⁡B=sin⁡(A+C)=23⋅144+53⋅24=214+1012, \begin{aligned} \sin B &= \sin(A + C) \\ &= \frac{2}{3} \cdot \frac{\sqrt{14}}{4} + \frac{\sqrt{5}}{3} \cdot \frac{\sqrt{2}}{4} \\ &= \frac{2\sqrt{14} + \sqrt{10}}{12}, \end{aligned} so sin⁡2B=66+835144=33+43572.\sin^2 B = \frac{66 + 8\sqrt{35}}{144} = \frac{33 + 4\sqrt{35}}{72}.

Therefore 2−sin⁡2B=111−43572,2 - \sin^2 B = \frac{111 - 4\sqrt{35}}{72}, and p+q+r+sp + q + r + s =111+4+35+72= 111 + 4 + 35 + 72 =222.= 222.

Problem 14#14
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