2015 AIME I Problem 15

Below is the professionally curated solution for Problem 15 of the 2015 AIME I, from LIVE by Po-Shen Loh. You can also try the full timed exam, view all 2015 AIME I solutions, or check the answer key.

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Concepts:cylinder3D geometrysectortrigonometry

Difficulty rating: 3700

15.

A block of wood has the shape of a right circular cylinder with radius 66 and height 8,8, and its entire surface has been painted blue. Points AA and BB are chosen on the edge of one of the circular faces of the cylinder so that arc AB\overset{\frown}{AB} on that face measures 120.120^\circ. The block is then sliced in half along the plane that passes through point A,A, point B,B, and the center of the cylinder, revealing a flat, unpainted face on each half. The area of one of these unpainted faces is aπ+bc,a\cdot\pi + b\sqrt{c}, where a,a, b,b, and cc are integers and cc is not divisible by the square of any prime. Find a+b+c.a + b + c.

Solution:

Stand the block on the face containing AA and B,B, and let OO' be the center of that face, MM the midpoint of AB,\overline{AB}, and OO the center of the cylinder. The cutting plane meets the bottom face in chord AB\overline{AB} and, by symmetry through O,O, meets the top face in the reflected chord, so the cut face projects vertically onto the region RR' between chord AB\overline{AB} and its mirror image through OO' (shaded below). Each 120120^\circ circular segment cut off has area 13π621266sin120=12π93,\frac{1}{3}\pi \cdot 6^2 - \frac{1}{2} \cdot 6 \cdot 6 \sin 120^\circ = 12\pi - 9\sqrt{3}, so RR' has area 36π2(12π93)=12π+183.36\pi - 2\left(12\pi - 9\sqrt{3}\right) = 12\pi + 18\sqrt{3}.

Since AB=120,\overset{\frown}{AB} = 120^\circ, triangle AOBAO'B gives OM=6cos60=3,O'M = 6\cos 60^\circ = 3, and OO=4,OO' = 4, so OM=5.OM = 5. The cut face is planar and tilted from the horizontal only in the direction of OM,\overline{O'M}, at the angle θ\theta with cosθ=OMOM=35.\cos\theta = \frac{O'M}{OM} = \frac{3}{5}. Undoing the projection therefore multiplies areas by 53,\frac{5}{3}, so the unpainted face has area 53(12π+183)=20π+303.\frac{5}{3}\left(12\pi + 18\sqrt{3}\right) = 20\pi + 30\sqrt{3}. Thus a+b+c=20+30+3=53.a + b + c = 20 + 30 + 3 = 53.

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