2015 AIME I Problem 15

Attempt Problem 15 of the 2015 AIME I below, then check your answer against the professionally curated solution from LIVE by Po-Shen Loh. You can also try the full timed exam, view all 2015 AIME I solutions, or check the answer key.

All problems are used with official legal permission of the Mathematical Association of America (MAA).

15.

A block of wood has the shape of a right circular cylinder with radius 66 and height 8,8, and its entire surface has been painted blue. Points AA and BB are chosen on the edge of one of the circular faces of the cylinder so that arc AB⌢\overset{\frown}{AB} on that face measures 120∘.120^\circ. The block is then sliced in half along the plane that passes through point A,A, point B,B, and the center of the cylinder, revealing a flat, unpainted face on each half. The area of one of these unpainted faces is a⋅π+bc,a\cdot\pi + b\sqrt{c}, where a,a, b,b, and cc are integers and cc is not divisible by the square of any prime. Find a+b+c.a + b + c.

Answer: 53
Concepts:cylinder3D geometrysectortrigonometry
Difficulty rating: 3700
Small Hint:

Project the cut face straight down onto the circular face containing AA and B:B: the image is the disk minus two 120∘120^\circ circular segments

Big Hint:

With OO the cylinder’s center, O′O' the face center, and MM the midpoint of AB,AB, the tilt satisfies cos⁡θ=O′MOM;\cos\theta = \frac{O'M}{OM}; divide the projected area by cos⁡θ\cos\theta

Solution:

Stand the block on the face containing AA and B,B, and let O′O' be the center of that face, MM the midpoint of AB‾,\overline{AB}, and OO the center of the cylinder. The cutting plane meets the bottom face in chord AB‾\overline{AB} and, by symmetry through O,O, meets the top face in the reflected chord, so the cut face projects vertically onto the region R′R' between chord AB‾\overline{AB} and its mirror image through O′O' (shaded below). Each 120∘120^\circ circular segment cut off has area 13π⋅62−12⋅6⋅6sin⁡120∘\frac{1}{3}\pi \cdot 6^2 - \frac{1}{2} \cdot 6 \cdot 6 \sin 120^\circ =12π−93,= 12\pi - 9\sqrt{3}, so R′R' has area 36π−2(12π−93)36\pi - 2\left(12\pi - 9\sqrt{3}\right) =12π+183.= 12\pi + 18\sqrt{3}.

Since AB⌢=120∘,\overset{\frown}{AB} = 120^\circ, triangle AO′BAO'B gives O′M=6cos⁡60∘=3,O'M = 6\cos 60^\circ = 3, and OO′=4,OO' = 4, so OM=5.OM = 5. The cut face is planar and tilted from the horizontal only in the direction of O′M‾,\overline{O'M}, at the angle θ\theta with cos⁡θ=O′MOM=35.\cos\theta = \frac{O'M}{OM} = \frac{3}{5}. Undoing the projection therefore multiplies areas by 53,\frac{5}{3}, so the unpainted face has area 53(12π+183)=20π+303.\frac{5}{3}\left(12\pi + 18\sqrt{3}\right) = 20\pi + 30\sqrt{3}. Thus a+b+c=20+30+3=53.a + b + c = 20 + 30 + 3 = 53.

Problem 14#14
Full Exam

Problem 15 in Other Years