2015 AIME I Problem 11

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11.

Triangle ABCABC has positive integer side lengths with AB=AC.AB = AC. Let II be the intersection of the bisectors of B\angle B and C.\angle C. Suppose BI=8.BI = 8. Find the smallest possible perimeter of ABC.\triangle ABC.

Answer: 108
Concepts:incircle, incenter, and inradiusisosceles triangletrigonometric identitydivisibility
Difficulty rating: 3160
Solution:

Let MM be the midpoint of BC;\overline{BC}; by symmetry A,A, I,I, and MM are collinear with AMBC.AM \perp BC. With a=ABa = AB and b=BM,b = BM, right triangles ABMABM and IBMIBM give cosABM=ba\cos\angle ABM = \frac{b}{a} and cosIBM=b8.\cos\angle IBM = \frac{b}{8}. Since BIBI bisects ABM,\angle ABM, the double-angle formula yields ba=2(b8)21, \frac{b}{a} = 2\left(\frac{b}{8}\right)^2 - 1, so a=32bb232. a = \frac{32b}{b^2 - 32}.

Writing c=BC=2b,c = BC = 2b, this becomes a=64cc2128.a = \frac{64c}{c^2 - 128}. We need c2>128,c^2 \gt 128, so c12,c \ge 12, while cosIBM=b8<1\cos\angle IBM = \frac{b}{8} \lt 1 forces c<16.c \lt 16. Testing c=12,13,14,15,c = 12, 13, 14, 15, only c=12c = 12 makes aa an integer, namely a=76816=48.a = \frac{768}{16} = 48.

The triangle with sides 48,48, 48,48, 1212 satisfies all the conditions, and its perimeter is 48+48+12=108.48 + 48 + 12 = 108.

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