2022 AIME II Problem 11

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Concepts:angle bisectortransformationcoordinate geometryshoelace formula

Difficulty rating: 3160

11.

Let ABCDABCD be a convex quadrilateral with AB=2,AB = 2, AD=7,AD = 7, and CD=3CD = 3 such that the bisectors of acute angles DAB\angle DAB and ADC\angle ADC intersect at the midpoint of BC.\overline{BC}. Find the square of the area of ABCD.ABCD.

Solution:

Place A=(0,0)A = (0, 0) and D=(7,0)D = (7, 0) with B,CB, C above the axis, and let MM be the midpoint of BC.\overline{BC}. Reflecting BB over the bisector line AMAM carries ray ABAB to ray AD,AD, so BB maps to B=(2,0),B' = (2, 0), and reflecting CC over the bisector DMDM gives C=(4,0).C' = (4, 0). Since MM lies on both mirror lines, MB=MB=MC=MC,MB' = MB = MC = MC', so MM is equidistant from BB' and CC' and hence M=(3,h)M = (3, h) for some h>0.h \gt 0.

Write DAB=2α\angle DAB = 2\alpha and ADC=2δ,\angle ADC = 2\delta, so tanα=h3\tan\alpha = \frac{h}{3} and tanδ=h4.\tan\delta = \frac{h}{4}. Then B=(2cos2α,2sin2α)B = (2\cos 2\alpha,\, 2\sin 2\alpha) and C=(73cos2δ,3sin2δ),C = (7 - 3\cos 2\delta,\, 3\sin 2\delta), and the midpoint condition on the xx-coordinates reads 2cos2α3cos2δ=1.2\cos 2\alpha - 3\cos 2\delta = -1. Substituting cos2α=9h29+h2\cos 2\alpha = \frac{9 - h^2}{9 + h^2} and cos2δ=16h216+h2\cos 2\delta = \frac{16 - h^2}{16 + h^2} and clearing denominators gives 2h4=10h2,2h^4 = 10h^2, so h2=5.h^2 = 5. (The yy-coordinate condition is then satisfied automatically: 2sin2α+3sin2δ=657+857=2h.2\sin 2\alpha + 3\sin 2\delta = \frac{6\sqrt{5}}{7} + \frac{8\sqrt{5}}{7} = 2h.)

Now cos2α=27,\cos 2\alpha = \frac{2}{7}, sin2α=357,\sin 2\alpha = \frac{3\sqrt{5}}{7}, cos2δ=1121,\cos 2\delta = \frac{11}{21}, sin2δ=8521,\sin 2\delta = \frac{8\sqrt{5}}{21}, so B=(47,657)B = \left(\frac{4}{7}, \frac{6\sqrt{5}}{7}\right) and C=(387,857).C = \left(\frac{38}{7}, \frac{8\sqrt{5}}{7}\right). The shoelace formula on A,B,C,DA, B, C, D gives area 65,6\sqrt{5}, whose square is 180.180.

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