2011 AIME II Problem 10

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10.

A circle with center OO has radius 25.25. Chord AB\overline{AB} of length 3030 and chord CD\overline{CD} of length 1414 intersect at point P.P. The distance between the midpoints of the two chords is 12.12. The quantity OP2OP^2 can be represented as mn,\frac{m}{n}, where mm and nn are relatively prime positive integers. Find the remainder when m+nm + n is divided by 1000.1000.

Answer: 57
Concepts:chordcyclic quadrilaterallaw of cosineslaw of sines
Difficulty rating: 2990
Solution:

Let MM and NN be the midpoints of AB\overline{AB} and CD.\overline{CD}. The segment from the center to a chord's midpoint is perpendicular to the chord, so OM=252152=20OM = \sqrt{25^2 - 15^2} = 20 and ON=25272=24,ON = \sqrt{25^2 - 7^2} = 24, with MN=12.MN = 12.

Since PP lies on both chords, OMP=ONP=90,\angle OMP = \angle ONP = 90^\circ, so MM and NN lie on the circle with diameter OP.OP. In triangle OMN,OMN, the law of cosines gives cosMON=202+24212222024=832960=1315, \begin{aligned} \cos \angle MON &= \frac{20^2 + 24^2 - 12^2}{2 \cdot 20 \cdot 24} \\ &= \frac{832}{960} = \frac{13}{15}, \end{aligned} so sinMON=21415.\sin \angle MON = \frac{2\sqrt{14}}{15}. In the circle through O,O, M,M, P,P, N,N, the extended law of sines says the chord MNMN equals the diameter OPOP times sinMON,\sin \angle MON, so OP=1221415=9014, \begin{aligned} OP &= \frac{12}{\frac{2\sqrt{14}}{15}} = \frac{90}{\sqrt{14}}, \end{aligned} OP2=810014=40507. \begin{aligned} OP^2 &= \frac{8100}{14} = \frac{4050}{7}. \end{aligned}

Then m+n=4050+7=4057,m + n = 4050 + 7 = 4057, which leaves remainder 5757 upon division by 1000.1000.

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