2002 AIME I Problem 15

Attempt Problem 15 of the 2002 AIME I below, then check your answer against the professionally curated solution from LIVE by Po-Shen Loh. You can also try the full timed exam, view all 2002 AIME I solutions, or check the answer key.

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15.

Polyhedron ABCDEFGABCDEFG has six faces. Face ABCDABCD is a square with AB=12;AB = 12; face ABFGABFG is a trapezoid with AB\overline{AB} parallel to GF,\overline{GF}, BF=AG=8,BF = AG = 8, and GF=6;GF = 6; and face CDECDE has CE=DE=14.CE = DE = 14. The other three faces are ADEG,ADEG, BCEF,BCEF, and EFG.EFG. The distance from EE to face ABCDABCD is 12.12. Given that EG2=pqr,EG^2 = p - q\sqrt{r}, where p,p, q,q, and rr are positive integers and rr is not divisible by the square of any prime, find p+q+r.p + q + r.

Answer: 163
Concepts:3D geometrycoordinate geometrydistance formula
Difficulty rating: 3160
Solution:

Place D=(0,0,0),D = (0, 0, 0), C=(12,0,0),C = (12, 0, 0), B=(12,12,0),B = (12, 12, 0), A=(0,12,0),A = (0, 12, 0), and E=(x,y,12),E = (x, y, 12), using the given distance from EE to face ABCD.ABCD. From CE=DECE = DE we get x=6,x = 6, and then DE=14DE = 14 gives 36+y2+144=196,36 + y^2 + 144 = 196, so y=4y = 4 and E=(6,4,12).E = (6, 4, 12).

In trapezoid ABFG,ABFG, GF\overline{GF} is parallel to AB\overline{AB} with GF=6GF = 6 and AG=BF,AG = BF, so GG and FF are symmetric about the plane x=6:x = 6: G=(3,y2,z2)G = (3, y_2, z_2) and F=(9,y2,z2).F = (9, y_2, z_2). Face ADEGADEG is planar, and the plane through A,A, D,D, EE contains the entire yy-axis direction (both AA and DD have x=z=0x = z = 0), so it is the plane z=2x,z = 2x, which indeed contains E.E. Hence z2=6.z_2 = 6. Now AG=8AG = 8 gives 32+(y212)2+62=64,3^2 + (y_2 - 12)^2 + 6^2 = 64, so y2=12±19.y_2 = 12 \pm \sqrt{19}.

Then EG2=32+(y24)2+62=45+(8±19)2=128±1619, \begin{aligned} EG^2 &= 3^2 + (y_2 - 4)^2 + 6^2 \\ &= 45 + \left(8 \pm \sqrt{19}\right)^2 \\ &= 128 \pm 16\sqrt{19}, \end{aligned} and the stated form pqrp - q\sqrt{r} corresponds to 1281619.128 - 16\sqrt{19}. Thus p+q+rp + q + r =128+16+19= 128 + 16 + 19 =163.= 163.

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