1995 AIME Problem 4

Attempt Problem 4 of the 1995 AIME below, then check your answer against the professionally curated solution from LIVE by Po-Shen Loh. You can also try the full timed exam, view all 1995 AIME solutions, or check the answer key.

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4.

Circles of radius 33 and 66 are externally tangent to each other and are internally tangent to a circle of radius 9.9. The circle of radius 99 has a chord that is a common external tangent of the other two circles. Find the square of the length of this chord.

Answer: 224
Concepts:tangent circleschordcoordinate geometry
Difficulty rating: 1940
Small Hint:

The three circle centers are collinear because their pairwise distances are 6,6, 3,3, and 99

Big Hint:

Use signed distances from the two smaller centers to the common tangent to find its distance from the large center

Solution:

Put the radius-99 circle at the origin and the smaller centers at (6,0)(-6,0) and (3,0).(3,0). Write the common external tangent as n(x,y)=c,\mathbf n\cdot(x,y)=c, where n\mathbf n is a unit normal. Its signed distances from the two centers differ by 63=3,6-3=3, so 9nx=39n_x=3 and nx=13.n_x=\frac{1}{3}. Using the distance 33 from (6,0)(-6,0) gives c=5.|c|=5. Thus the chord lies 55 units from the large center, and its squared length is 4(9252)=456=224.4(9^2-5^2)=4\cdot56=224.

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