2003 AIME I Problem 4

Below is the professionally curated solution for Problem 4 of the 2003 AIME I, from LIVE by Po-Shen Loh. You can also try the full timed exam, view all 2003 AIME I solutions, or check the answer key.

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Concepts:logarithmtrigonometric identity

Difficulty rating: 1990

4.

Given that log10sinx+log10cosx=1\log_{10} \sin x + \log_{10} \cos x = -1 and that log10(sinx+cosx)=12(log10n1),\log_{10}(\sin x + \cos x) = \frac{1}{2}(\log_{10} n - 1), find n.n.

Solution:

The first equation says log10(sinxcosx)=1,\log_{10}(\sin x \cos x) = -1, so sinxcosx=110.\sin x \cos x = \frac{1}{10}. Then (sinx+cosx)2=sin2x+cos2x+2sinxcosx=1+210=1210.(\sin x + \cos x)^2 = \sin^2 x + \cos^2 x + 2 \sin x \cos x = 1 + \frac{2}{10} = \frac{12}{10}.

Taking logarithms, 2log10(sinx+cosx)=log101210=log10121,2\log_{10}(\sin x + \cos x) = \log_{10} \frac{12}{10} = \log_{10} 12 - 1, so log10(sinx+cosx)=12(log10121)\log_{10}(\sin x + \cos x) = \frac{1}{2}(\log_{10} 12 - 1) and n=12.n = 12.

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