2019 AIME II Problem 4
Below is the professionally curated solution for Problem 4 of the 2019 AIME II, from LIVE by Po-Shen Loh. You can also try the full timed exam, view all 2019 AIME II solutions, or check the answer key.
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Difficulty rating: 2480
4.
A standard six-sided fair die is rolled four times. The probability that the product of all four numbers rolled is a perfect square is where and are relatively prime positive integers. Find
Solution:
The product is a perfect square exactly when each of the primes and appears with even exponent. Only a roll of contributes the prime so the number of s is even: or Classify the other values by the parities of their exponents of and rolls of and contribute a contributes a contributes and a contributes The exponent of is even iff the count of s plus the count of s is even, and similarly for s and s, so a collection of non- rolls works exactly when the counts of s, s, and s are all even or all odd.
With no s, all four rolls come from All-even cases: no s, s, or s gives sequences (each roll is or ); exactly two of a single kind gives two of each of two kinds gives four of one kind gives All-odd case: one one one and one roll from gives Subtotal With two s, choose their positions in ways; the other two rolls must lie in the same parity class, giving ordered pairs, for sequences. With four s there is sequence.
In total of the sequences work, so the probability is and
Problem 4 in Other Years
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