1987 AIME Problem 14

Attempt Problem 14 of the 1987 AIME below, then check your answer against the professionally curated solution from LIVE by Po-Shen Loh. You can also try the full timed exam, view all 1987 AIME solutions, or check the answer key.

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14.

Compute (104+324)(224+324)(344+324)(464+324)(584+324)(44+324)(164+324)(284+324)(404+324)(524+324).\frac{\begin{gathered}(10^4+324)(22^4+324)\\{}\cdot(34^4+324)(46^4+324)\\{}\cdot(58^4+324)\end{gathered}}{\begin{gathered}(4^4+324)(16^4+324)\\{}\cdot(28^4+324)(40^4+324)\\{}\cdot(52^4+324)\end{gathered}}.

Answer: 373
Concepts:algebraic manipulationfactoringtelescoping
Difficulty rating: 2380
Small Hint:

Use Sophie Germain’s identity with 324=434324=4\cdot3^4

Big Hint:

If g(x)=x2+6x+18,g(x)=x^2+6x+18, rewrite x4+324x^4+324 as g(x6)g(x)g(x-6)g(x)

Solution:

Let g(x)=x2+6x+18.g(x)=x^2+6x+18. Sophie Germain’s identity gives x4+324=g(x6)g(x).x^4+324=g(x-6)g(x). The numerator therefore supplies g(4),g(10),,g(58),g(4),g(10),\ldots,g(58), while the denominator supplies g(2),g(4),,g(52).g(-2),g(4),\ldots,g(52). Everything cancels except g(58)g(2)=582+6(58)+18412+18=373010=373.\begin{aligned}\frac{g(58)}{g(-2)}&=\frac{58^2+6(58)+18}{4-12+18}\\&=\frac{3730}{10}=373.\end{aligned}

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