1993 AIME Problem 14

Attempt Problem 14 of the 1993 AIME below, then check your answer against the professionally curated solution from LIVE by Po-Shen Loh. You can also try the full timed exam, view all 1993 AIME solutions, or check the answer key.

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14.

A rectangle that is inscribed in a larger rectangle (with one vertex on each side) is called unstuck if it is possible to rotate (however slightly) the smaller rectangle about its center within the confines of the larger. Of all the rectangles that can be inscribed unstuck in a 66 by 88 rectangle, the smallest perimeter has the form N,\sqrt N, for a positive integer N.N. Find N.N.

Answer: 448
Concepts:coordinate geometryoptimizationrectangle
Difficulty rating: 2890
Small Hint:

Center the 66-by-88 rectangle at the origin and parameterize consecutive inner vertices on the right and top sides

Big Hint:

Use equal half-diagonals to relate the two free coordinates, then express the square of the perimeter through the diagonal and area

Solution:

Opposite vertices lie on opposite sides of the outer rectangle, so the two rectangles have the same center. For a small rotation through angle δ,\delta, a right-side contact at (4,y)(4,y) moves inward only if yδ0,y\delta\geq0, while a top-side contact at (u,3)(u,3) moves inward only if uδ0.u\delta\leq0. Thus an unstuck rectangle has opposite-signed offsets; after reflection, write its consecutive vertices as (4,y),(x,3),(4,y),(x,3)(4,y),(-x,3),(-4,-y),(x,-3) with x,y0.x,y\geq0. Equal half-diagonals give 16+y2=x2+9,16+y^2=x^2+9, so x2y2=7.x^2-y^2=7. If its side lengths are a,b,a,b, then a2+b2=4(16+y2),ab=24+2xy.\begin{aligned}a^2+b^2&=4(16+y^2),\\ab&=24+2xy.\end{aligned} Therefore its perimeter Q=2(a+b)Q=2(a+b) satisfies Q2=4(a2+b2+2ab)=448+16y(y+x)448.\begin{aligned}Q^2&=4(a^2+b^2+2ab)\\&=448+16y(y+x)\geq448.\end{aligned} Equality occurs at y=0, x=7,y=0,\ x=\sqrt7, which gives a non-axis-aligned, hence unstuck, rectangle. Thus the minimum perimeter is 448\sqrt{448} and N=448.N=448.

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