2023 AMC 8 第 20 题

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所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

20.

在列表 3,3,8,11,283, 3, 8, 11, 28 中插入两个整数,使其极差变为原来的两倍。众数和中位数保持不变。这两个新增数字的和最大可能是多少?

Two integers are inserted into the list 3,3,8,11,283, 3, 8, 11, 28 to double its range. The mode and median remain unchanged. What is the maximum possible sum of the two additional numbers?

5656

5757

5858

6060

6161

答案:D
知识点:极差中位数(数据)众数最优化
难度评级:1600
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文字解答:

原来的极差是 283=25,28-3=25,所以新极差必须是 50.50.要保持中位数为 8,8,新增的一个数 xx 必须小于 88,另一个数 y,y, 必须大于 8.8.

x3,x\ge3,最小值仍为 3,3,所以新的最大值必须是 53.53.x=3x=3 会改变众数,因此 x7.x\le7.所以 x+y7+53=60.x+y\le7+53=60.

x<3x<3y>28,y>28,yx=50,y-x=50,所以 x+y=2x+5054.x+y=2x+50\le54.y28,y\le28,最大值仍为 28,28,这会迫使 x=22x=-22,得到的和更小。因此没有任何情况能超过 60.60.

x=7x=7y=53y=53 时,众数和中位数都不变,极差为 50,50,所以最大和是 60.60.

所以正确答案是 D

The original range is 283=25,28-3=25, so the new range must be 50.50. To keep the median 8,8, one added number xx must be less than 88 and the other, y,y, must be greater than 8.8.

If x3,x\ge3, the minimum remains 3,3, so the new maximum must be 53.53. The value x=3x=3 would change the mode, so x7.x\le7. Hence x+y7+53=60.x+y\le7+53=60.

If x<3x<3 and y>28,y>28, then yx=50,y-x=50, so x+y=2x+5054.x+y=2x+50\le54. If y28,y\le28, the maximum remains 28,28, forcing x=22x=-22 and giving an even smaller sum. Therefore no case exceeds 60.60.

The values x=7x=7 and y=53y=53 preserve the mode and median and give range 50,50, so the maximum sum is 60.60.

Thus, D is the correct answer.

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