1997 AMC 8 第 20 题

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20.

一对 88 面骰子的面分别标有 1188。每一面朝上的概率相同。两个朝上数字的乘积大于 3636 的概率是

A pair of 88-sided dice have sides numbered 11 through 8.8. Each side has the same probability (chance) of landing face up. The probability that the product of the two numbers that land face-up exceeds 3636 is

532\dfrac{5}{32}

1164\dfrac{11}{64}

316\dfrac{3}{16}

14\dfrac{1}{4}

12\dfrac{1}{2}

答案:A
知识点:骰子(概率)分类讨论
难度评级:1450
解答:

按第一颗骰子的点数分类。如果点数为 141 - 4,乘积不可能大于 3636

如果点数是 55,另一颗必须掷出 88,否则乘积小于 3636

如果第一颗是 66,另一颗必须是 7788,有 22 种可能。如果第一颗是 77,另一颗必须是 667788,有 33 种可能。

最后,如果第一颗掷出 88,另一颗可以是 55667788,又有 44 种可能。

有利结果共有 种,总结果数是 82=648^2 = 64,所以概率为 1+2+3+4=10, 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 = 10, 1064=532. \dfrac{10}{64} = \dfrac{5}{32}.

所以正确答案是 A

We can case on the value of the first die. If its value is 14,1 - 4, then it is impossible for the product to be greater than 36.36.

If it is a 5,5, then the other die has to roll an 8,8, otherwise the product is less than 36.36.

If the first die is a 6,6, then the other die must be 77 or 8,8, giving 22 possibilities. If the first die is a 7,7, then the other die must be 6,6, 7,7, or 8,8, giving 33 possibilities.

Finally, if the first roll is an 8,8, the other die can be 5,5, 6,6, 7,7, or 8,8, giving 44 more possibilities.

The total number of working pairs is 1+2+3+4=10, 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 = 10, and the total number of pairs is 82=64.8^2 = 64. The desired probability is then 1064=532. \dfrac{10}{64} = \dfrac{5}{32}.

Thus, A is the correct answer.

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