2017 AMC 10A 第 17 题

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17.

不同点 PPQQRRSS 都在圆 x2+y2=25x^{2}+y^{2}=25 上,并且坐标都是整数。距离 PQPQRSRS 都是无理数。

比值 PQRS\dfrac{PQ}{RS} 的最大可能值是多少?

Distinct points P,P, Q,Q, R,R, SS lie on the circle x2+y2=25x^{2}+y^{2}=25 and have integer coordinates. The distances PQPQ and RSRS are irrational numbers.

What is the greatest possible value of the ratio PQRS?\dfrac{PQ}{RS}?

33

55

353\sqrt{5}

77

525\sqrt{2}

答案:D
知识点:格点距离公式最优化
难度评级:1790
解答:

x2+y2=25x^2+y^2=25 上的整点为 (±5,0)(\pm5,0)(0,±5)(0,\pm5)(±3,±4)(\pm3,\pm4)(±4,±3)(\pm4,\pm3)

要使 PQPQRSRS 为无理数,距离平方不能是完全平方数。要最大化比值,就在这个条件下让 PQPQ 尽可能大、RSRS 尽可能小。

最大的可能无理距离可由 (4,3)(-4,3)(3,4)(3,-4) 给出,此时 PQ=72+72=98PQ=\sqrt{7^2+7^2}=\sqrt{98}。最小的可能无理距离可由 (3,4)(3,4)(4,3)(4,3) 给出,此时 RS=12+12=2RS=\sqrt{1^2+1^2}=\sqrt2

因此最大比值为 982=7\dfrac{\sqrt{98}}{\sqrt2}=7。所以正确答案是 D

The integer-coordinate points on x2+y2=25x^2+y^2=25 are (±5,0)(\pm5,0), (0,±5)(0,\pm5), (±3,±4)(\pm3,\pm4), and (±4,±3)(\pm4,\pm3).

For PQPQ and RSRS to be irrational, the squared distance must not be a perfect square. To maximize the ratio, make PQPQ as large as possible and RSRS as small as possible under that condition.

The largest possible irrational distance is between (4,3)(-4,3) and (3,4)(3,-4), giving PQ=72+72=98PQ=\sqrt{7^2+7^2}=\sqrt{98}. The smallest possible irrational distance is between (3,4)(3,4) and (4,3)(4,3), giving RS=12+12=2RS=\sqrt{1^2+1^2}=\sqrt2.

The greatest possible ratio is 982=7\dfrac{\sqrt{98}}{\sqrt2}=7. Thus, D is the correct answer.

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