2018 AIME II Problem 12

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Concepts:law of cosinestriangle areasystem of equations

Difficulty rating: 3160

12.

Let ABCDABCD be a convex quadrilateral with AB=CD=10,AB = CD = 10, BC=14,BC = 14, and AD=265.AD = 2\sqrt{65}. Assume that the diagonals of ABCDABCD intersect at point P,P, and that the sum of the areas of triangles APBAPB and CPDCPD equals the sum of the areas of triangles BPCBPC and APD.APD. Find the area of quadrilateral ABCD.ABCD.

Solution:

Let a=AP,a = AP, b=BP,b = BP, c=CP,c = CP, d=DP,d = DP, and let θ=CPD.\theta = \angle CPD. Since sin(πθ)=sinθ,\sin(\pi - \theta) = \sin\theta, the equal-area condition 12(ab+cd)sinθ=12(ad+bc)sinθ\frac{1}{2}(ab + cd)\sin\theta = \frac{1}{2}(ad + bc)\sin\theta simplifies to (ac)(db)=0.(a - c)(d - b) = 0. By symmetry assume a=c.a = c.

The law of cosines in triangles BPCBPC and APBAPB (whose angles at PP are supplementary) gives a2+b2+2abcosθ=196a^2 + b^2 + 2ab\cos\theta = 196 and a2+b22abcosθ=100,a^2 + b^2 - 2ab\cos\theta = 100, so a2+b2=148a^2 + b^2 = 148 and abcosθ=24.ab\cos\theta = 24. Similarly triangles APDAPD and CPDCPD give a2+d2=180a^2 + d^2 = 180 and adcosθ=40.ad\cos\theta = 40. Dividing, db=53,\frac{d}{b} = \frac{5}{3}, while subtracting gives d2b2=32;d^2 - b^2 = 32; hence b=32,b = 3\sqrt{2}, d=52,d = 5\sqrt{2}, a2=130,a^2 = 130, and cos2θ=24213018=1665,\cos^2\theta = \frac{24^2}{130 \cdot 18} = \frac{16}{65}, so sinθ=765.\sin\theta = \frac{7}{\sqrt{65}}.

The total area is 12(a+c)(b+d)sinθ=a(b+d)sinθ=13082765=112.\frac{1}{2}(a + c)(b + d)\sin\theta = a(b + d)\sin\theta = \sqrt{130} \cdot 8\sqrt{2} \cdot \frac{7}{\sqrt{65}} = 112.

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