1984 AIME Problem 6

Attempt Problem 6 of the 1984 AIME below, then check your answer against the professionally curated solution from LIVE by Po-Shen Loh. You can also try the full timed exam, view all 1984 AIME solutions, or check the answer key.

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6.

Three circles, each of radius 3,3, are drawn with centers at (14,92),(14,92), (17,76),(17,76), and (19,84).(19,84). A line passing through (17,76)(17,76) is such that the total area of the parts of the three circles to one side of the line is equal to the total area of the parts of the three circles to the other side of it. What is the absolute value of the slope of this line?

Answer: 24
Concepts:circle areasymmetryslope
Difficulty rating: 2410
Small Hint:

The line already bisects the circle centered at (17,76)(17,76)

Big Hint:

For the other two equal circles, their signed distances from the line must be opposites

Solution:

For a circle of radius 3,3, let G(d)G(d) be the signed difference between the areas on the two sides of a line when the center’s signed distance from the line is d.d. The function GG is odd and strictly increasing for 3<d<3,-3<d<3, and is constant only after the line no longer cuts the circle. The circle centered at (17,76)(17,76) contributes zero, so the line must separate the other two centers.

Let M=(332,88)M=(\frac{33}{2},88) be the midpoint of those two centers. Among the lines through (17,76)(17,76) that separate them, the smaller of their two distances to the line is largest when the distances are equal, namely for the line through M.M. Even then, the distance is 56577<3,\frac{56}{\sqrt{577}}<3, so the line must cut at least one of the two circles. Balance then forces it to cut both. The strict increase of GG therefore forces the two signed distances to be opposites, so the required line passes through M.M. Its slope is 887633217=24. \frac{88-76}{\frac{33}{2}-17}=-24. Its absolute value is 24.24.

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