2023 AMC 8 第 14 题

先试着解答 2023 AMC 8 第 14 题,然后核对你的答案与视频与精心整理的解答,解答来自 LIVE by Po-Shen Loh。你也可以参加完整限时模拟考试、查看全部 2023 AMC 8 解答,或核对答案

所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

14.

Nicolas 计划给朋友 Anton 寄一个包裹,Anton 是集邮爱好者。为了支付邮资,Nicolas 想用很多邮票贴满包裹。假设他有 55 分、1010 分和 2525 分邮票,每种正好 2020 张。Nicolas 最多能用多少张邮票凑成正好 $7.10\$7.10 的邮资?

(注意:$7.10\$7.10 表示 77 美元 1010 美分。一美元等于 100100 美分。)

Nicolas is planning to send a package to his friend Anton, who is a stamp collector. To pay for the postage, Nicolas would like to cover the package with a large number of stamps. Suppose he has a collection of 55-cent, 1010-cent, and 2525-cent stamps, with exactly 2020 of each type. What is the greatest number of stamps Nicolas can use to make exactly $7.10\$7.10 in postage?

(Note: The amount $7.10\$7.10 corresponds to 77 dollars and 1010 cents. One dollar is worth 100100 cents.)

4545

4646

5151

5454

5555

答案:E
知识点:最优化模运算
难度评级:1480
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文字解答:

目标金额是 a,b,ca,b,c 分。先尝试尽量用完所有 55 分和 1010 分邮票。 若用完全部五分和十分邮票,它们共值 分。还需 n=a+b+cn=a+b+c 分,不能只用 2525 分邮票凑出。 55 n+b+4c=142n+b+4c=142a+2b+5c=142, a+2b+5c=142,

不过,n56n\ge56 分可以用 b+4c86b+4c\le86 分邮票凑出。若 2b+5c1222b+5c\ge122 分和 c16c\le16 分邮票各用 2b+5c2(20)+5(16)=1202b+5c\le2(20)+5(16)=120 张,它们共值 分。此时还需 5555 分,也就是 张 分邮票。 a=1422b5c20, a=142-2b-5c\le20,

总张数为 a=19,b=19,c=17a=19, b=19, c=1719+19+17=5519+19+17=5519(5)+19(10)+17(25)=710. 19(5)+19(10)+17(25)=710.

所以正确答案是 E

Let a,b,ca,b,c be the numbers of 55-, 1010-, and 2525-cent stamps, and let n=a+b+c.n=a+b+c. Dividing the value equation by 55 gives a+2b+5c=142, a+2b+5c=142, so n+b+4c=142.n+b+4c=142.

Suppose n56.n\ge56. Then b+4c86.b+4c\le86. Also a=1422b5c20, a=142-2b-5c\le20, so 2b+5c122.2b+5c\ge122. Combining these inequalities gives c16,c\le16, but then 2b+5c2(20)+5(16)=120,2b+5c\le2(20)+5(16)=120, a contradiction. Thus at most 5555 stamps can be used.

The bound is attainable with a=19,b=19,c=17:a=19, b=19, c=17: 19(5)+19(10)+17(25)=710. 19(5)+19(10)+17(25)=710. Hence the greatest possible number of stamps is 19+19+17=55.19+19+17=55.

Thus, E is the correct answer.

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