2023 AMC 8 第 14 题

先试着解答 2023 AMC 8 第 14 题,然后核对你的答案与视频与精心整理的解答,解答来自 LIVE by Po-Shen Loh。你也可以参加完整限时模拟考试、查看全部 2023 AMC 8 解答,或核对答案

所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

14.

尼古拉计划给朋友安东寄一个包裹,安东是集邮爱好者。为了支付邮资,尼古拉想用很多邮票贴满包裹。假设他有 55 分、1010 分和 2525 分邮票,每种正好 2020 张。尼古拉最多能用多少张邮票凑成正好 $7.10\$7.10 的邮资?

(注意:$7.10\$7.10 表示 77 美元 1010 美分。一美元等于 100100 美分。)

Nicolas is planning to send a package to his friend Anton, who is a stamp collector. To pay for the postage, Nicolas would like to cover the package with a large number of stamps. Suppose he has a collection of 55-cent, 1010-cent, and 2525-cent stamps, with exactly 2020 of each type. What is the greatest number of stamps Nicolas can use to make exactly $7.10\$7.10 in postage?

(Note: The amount $7.10\$7.10 corresponds to 77 dollars and 1010 cents. One dollar is worth 100100 cents.)

4545

4646

5151

5454

5555

答案:E
知识点:最优化模运算
难度评级:1480
小提示:

尽量使用低面值邮票

Use as many low-value stamps as possible

大提示:

所有 55 分和 1010 分邮票合计 300300 分,剩余不是 2525 的倍数

All 55- and 1010-cent stamps total 300300 cents, leaving a nonmultiple of 2525

视频讲解:
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文字解答:

aabbcc 分别为 55 分、1010 分、2525 分邮票的张数,并设 n=a+b+cn=a+b+c。金额方程除以 55a+2b+5c=142 a+2b+5c=142\text{,}所以 n+b+4c=142n+b+4c=142

假设 n56n\ge56,则 b+4c86b+4c\le86。又因为 a=1422b5c20 a=142-2b-5c\le20\text{,}所以 2b+5c1222b+5c\ge122。合并这两个不等式可得 c16c\le16,但这样 2b+5c2(20)+5(16)=1202b+5c\le2(20)+5(16)=120,矛盾。因此最多只能使用 5555 张邮票。

a=19a=19b=19b=19c=17c=17 时可以达到这个上界:19(5)+19(10)+17(25)=710 19(5)+19(10)+17(25)=710\text{。}此时邮票总数为 19+19+17=5519+19+17=55

所以正确答案是 E

Let a,a, b,b, cc be the numbers of 55-, 1010-, and 2525-cent stamps, and let n=a+b+c.n=a+b+c. Dividing the value equation by 55 gives a+2b+5c=142, a+2b+5c=142, so n+b+4c=142.n+b+4c=142.

Suppose n56.n\ge56. Then b+4c86.b+4c\le86. Also a=1422b5c20, a=142-2b-5c\le20, so 2b+5c122.2b+5c\ge122. Combining these inequalities gives c16,c\le16, but then 2b+5c2(20)+5(16)=120,2b+5c\le2(20)+5(16)=120, a contradiction. Thus at most 5555 stamps can be used.

The bound is attainable with a=19,a=19, b=19,b=19, c=17:c=17: 19(5)+19(10)+17(25)=710. 19(5)+19(10)+17(25)=710. Hence the greatest possible number of stamps is 19+19+17=55.19+19+17=55.

Thus, E is the correct answer.

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