2011 AMC 8 第 23 题

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所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

23.

有多少个 44-位正整数满足:四个数字互不相同,首位不是零,该整数是 55 的倍数,并且 55 是最大的数字?

How many 44-digit positive integers have four different digits, where the leading digit is not zero, the integer is a multiple of 5,5, and 55 is the largest digit?

2424

4848

6060

8484

108108

答案:D
知识点:有限制的排列分类讨论
难度评级:1690
解答:

一个数能被 55 整除,个位数字必须是 0055

如果个位数字是 00,另外三位中必须有一位是 55。剩下两位必须从 {1,2,3,4}\{1, 2, 3, 4\} 中选择。有 66 种方式选这两个数字,并有 66 种方式排列这三位数字,共 66=366 \cdot 6 = 36 个数。

如果个位数字是 55,千位数字有 44 种选择。选定千位后,另外 22 位共有 43=124 \cdot 3 = 12 种选择和排列方式。因此此情况共有 412=484 \cdot 12 = 48 个数。

合并两种情况,总数为 36+48=8436 + 48 = 84

所以正确答案是 D

For a number to be divisible by 5,5, the units digit must be either 00 or 5.5.

If the units digit is 0,0, one of the other three digits must be 5.5. The remaining two digits must be chosen from {1,2,3,4}.\{1, 2, 3, 4\}. There are 66 ways to choose the pair, and there are 66 ways to arrange the three digits for a total of 66=366 \cdot 6 = 36 numbers.

If the units digit is 5,5, there are 44 ways to choose the thousands digit. There are 43=124 \cdot 3 = 12 ways to choose the other 22 digits. This leaves a total of 412=484 \cdot 12 = 48 numbers for this case.

Combining both cases, we get the total number of such integers is 36+48=84.36 + 48 = 84.

Thus, D is the correct answer.

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