2022 AMC 8 第 23 题
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所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。
23.
在九个小方格中,每格放入一个 或 ,这些方格组成一个 网格。下面显示了一个有三个 连成一线的示例。
有多少种配置同时有三个 连成一线,并且有三个 连成一线?
A or is placed in each of the nine squares in a grid. Shown below is a sample configuration with three ’s in a line.
How many configurations will have three ’s in a line and three ’s in a line?
小提示:
按网格中三角形的个数分类
Split by how many triangles are in the grid
大提示:
正好 个三角形时,对角线三角形线不行
With exactly triangles, diagonal triangle lines do not work
解答:
设三角形个数为 。要同时有三角形线和圆形线,必须有 。
若 ,三角形必须成一条线。行或列有效,因为剩下的六个圆形中仍有完整的一行或一列;对角线无效,因为其余位置没有完整的圆形线。因此共有 种 的配置。由对称性,也有 种 的配置。
若 ,先选一条三角形线。若这条线是行或列,额外的三角形有 个位置可选,每一种都可行,因为总有一条平行的行或列全是圆形,共 种;若这条线是对角线,则无论额外的三角形放在哪里,都不能留下完整的圆形线。由对称性, 也有 种。
总数为 。
正确答案是 D。
Let be the number of triangles. To have both a triangle line and a circle line, we need .
If , the three triangles must form a line. A row or column works, because the remaining six circles contain a full circle row or column. A diagonal does not work, because its complement contains no full line of circles. Thus there are configurations for . By symmetry, there are also configurations for .
If , choose the triangle line and then the extra triangle. If the line is a row or column, all possible extra positions work, because one parallel row or column remains all circles. This gives configurations. If the triangle line is a diagonal, no extra position leaves a full circle line. By symmetry, also gives configurations.
The total number of configurations is .
Thus, the correct answer is D.
其他年份的第 23 题
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