2012 AMC 10A 第 17 题

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17.

正整数 aabb 互质,满足 a>b>0a > b > 0,且 求 aba-ba3b3(ab)3=733.\dfrac{a^3-b^3}{(a-b)^3} = \dfrac{73}{3}.

Let aa and bb be relatively prime positive integers with a>b>0a > b > 0 and a3b3(ab)3=733.\dfrac{a^3-b^3}{(a-b)^3} = \dfrac{73}{3}. What is ab?a-b?

11

22

33

44

55

答案:C
知识点:因式分解分式方程二次方程
难度评级:1670
解答:

先因式分解 消去这个因子后得到 a3b3=(ab)(a2+ab+b2). a^3 - b^3 = (a - b)(a^2 + ab + b^2). a2+ab+b2a22ab+b2=733. \dfrac{a^2 + ab + b^2}{a^2 - 2ab + b^2} = \dfrac{73}{3}.

交叉相乘并整理,得到 因为 b0b \neq 0,可同除以 b2b^2,得到 70a2149ab+70b2=0. 70a^2 - 149ab + 70b^2 = 0. 70(ab)2149ab+70=0. 70\left(\dfrac{a}{b}\right)^2 - 149\dfrac{a}{b} + 70 = 0.

用二次公式,并注意 a>ba \gt b,可得 ab=107\dfrac{a}{b} = \dfrac{10}{7}

由于 aabb 互质,所以 a=10a = 10b=7b = 7,差为 107=310 - 7 = 3

所以正确答案是 C

Recall that we can factor a3b3=(ab)(a2+ab+b2). a^3 - b^3 = (a - b)(a^2 + ab + b^2). Canceling out this factor gives us that a2+ab+b2a22ab+b2=733. \dfrac{a^2 + ab + b^2}{a^2 - 2ab + b^2} = \dfrac{73}{3}.

Cross-multiplying and rearranging gives us 70a2149ab+70b2=0. 70a^2 - 149ab + 70b^2 = 0. Since b0,b \neq 0, we can divide through by b2b^2 to get 70(ab)2149ab+70=0. 70\left(\dfrac{a}{b}\right)^2 - 149\dfrac{a}{b} + 70 = 0.

Applying the quadratic formula and noting that a>ba \gt b gives us that ab=107.\dfrac{a}{b} = \dfrac{10}{7}.

Since aa and bb are relatively prime, we have that a=10a = 10 and b=7.b = 7. Their difference is 107=3.10 - 7 = 3.

Thus, C is the correct answer.

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