2007 AMC 10A 详解

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所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

1.

一张演出票全价为 $20\$20。Susan 使用一张 25%25\% 折扣券买了 44 张票。Pam 使用一张 30%30\% 折扣券买了 55 张票。Pam 比 Susan 多付多少美元?

One ticket to a show costs $20\$20 at full price. Susan buys 44 tickets using a coupon that gives her a 25%25\% discount. Pam buys 55 tickets using a coupon that gives her a 30%30\% discount. How many more dollars does Pam pay than Susan?

22

55

1010

1515

2020

知识点:百分数钱币
难度评级:720
小提示:

25%25\% 折扣表示支付全价的 75%75\%

A 25%25\% discount means paying 75%75\% of the full price

大提示:

分别计算两人的总费用,再相减。

Compute each person’s total, then subtract

解答:

Susan 支付 40.7520=604 \cdot 0.75 \cdot 20 = 60 美元。

Pam 支付 50.7020=705 \cdot 0.70 \cdot 20 = 70 美元。

差为 7060=1070 - 60 = 10 美元。

所以正确答案是 C

Susan pays 40.7520=604 \cdot 0.75 \cdot 20 = 60 dollars.

Pam pays 50.7020=705 \cdot 0.70 \cdot 20 = 70 dollars.

The difference is 7060=1070 - 60 = 10 dollars.

Thus, the correct answer is C.

2.

定义 a@b=abb2a@b = ab - b^2a#b=a+bab2a\#b = a + b - ab^2。求下式的值:6@26#2\dfrac{6@2}{6\#2}\text{?}

Define a@b=abb2a@b = ab - b^2 and a#b=a+bab2.a\#b = a + b - ab^2. What is 6@26#2?\dfrac{6@2}{6\#2}?

12-\dfrac{1}{2}

14-\dfrac{1}{4}

18\dfrac{1}{8}

14\dfrac{1}{4}

12\dfrac{1}{2}

难度评级:870
小提示:

a=6a = 6b=2b = 2 分别代入两个定义。

Substitute a=6a = 6 and b=2b = 2 into each definition

大提示:

分子是 62226 \cdot 2 - 2^2,分母是 6+26226 + 2 - 6 \cdot 2^2

The numerator is 62226 \cdot 2 - 2^2 and the denominator is 6+26226 + 2 - 6 \cdot 2^2

解答:

分子为 6@2=6222=124=86@2 = 6 \cdot 2 - 2^2 = 12 - 4 = 8

分母为 6#2=6+26226\#2 = 6 + 2 - 6 \cdot 2^2 =824= 8 - 24 =16= -16

商为 816=12 \dfrac{8}{-16} = -\dfrac{1}{2}\text{。}

所以正确答案是 A

The numerator is 6@2=6222=124=8.6@2 = 6 \cdot 2 - 2^2 = 12 - 4 = 8.

The denominator is 6#2=6+26226\#2 = 6 + 2 - 6 \cdot 2^2 =824= 8 - 24 =16.= -16.

The quotient is 816=12. \dfrac{8}{-16} = -\dfrac{1}{2}.

Thus, the correct answer is A.

3.

一个水族箱底面为 100100 厘米乘 4040 厘米的矩形,高为 5050 厘米。水装到 4040 厘米高。将一块底面为 4040 厘米乘 2020 厘米、高为 1010 厘米的长方体砖放入水族箱。水面上升多少厘米?

An aquarium has a rectangular base that measures 100100 cm by 4040 cm and has a height of 5050 cm. It is filled with water to a height of 4040 cm. A brick with a rectangular base that measures 4040 cm by 2020 cm and a height of 1010 cm is placed in the aquarium. By how many centimeters does the water rise?

0.50.5

11

1.51.5

22

2.52.5

知识点:体积长方体
难度评级:960
小提示:

浸入水中的砖会排开与自身同体积的水。

The submerged brick pushes the water up by its own volume

大提示:

上升高度 hh 满足 10040h=402010100 \cdot 40 \cdot h = 40 \cdot 20 \cdot 10

The rise hh satisfies 10040h=402010100 \cdot 40 \cdot h = 40 \cdot 20 \cdot 10

解答:

砖的体积为 402010=800040 \cdot 20 \cdot 10 = 8000 立方厘米。

若水面上升 hh 厘米,增加的水体积为 10040h=4000h100 \cdot 40 \cdot h = 4000h 立方厘米。

令二者相等,得 4000h=80004000h = 8000,所以 h=2h = 2

所以正确答案是 D

The brick has volume 402010=800040 \cdot 20 \cdot 10 = 8000 cubic centimeters.

If the water rises by hh centimeters, the added volume is 10040h=4000h100 \cdot 40 \cdot h = 4000h cubic centimeters.

Setting these equal gives 4000h=8000,4000h = 8000, so h=2.h = 2.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

4.

两个连续奇整数中较大的一个是较小的三倍。它们的和是多少?

The larger of two consecutive odd integers is three times the smaller. What is their sum?

44

88

1212

1616

2020

知识点:一次方程
难度评级:870
小提示:

设较小整数为 xx,则较大整数为 x+2x + 2

Let the smaller integer be x,x, so the larger is x+2x + 2

大提示:

解方程 x+2=3xx + 2 = 3x

Solve x+2=3xx + 2 = 3x

解答:

设较小整数为 xx,则较大整数为 x+2x + 2,并且 x+2=3x x + 2 = 3x 因此 x=1x = 1

两个整数为 1133,和为 44

所以正确答案是 A

Let the smaller integer be x.x. Then the larger is x+2,x + 2, and x+2=3x, x + 2 = 3x, so x=1.x = 1.

The two integers are 11 and 3,3, and their sum is 4.4.

Thus, the correct answer is A.

5.

学校商店出售 77 支铅笔和 88 本笔记本,共 $4.15\$4.15。它也出售 55 支铅笔和 33 本笔记本,共 $1.77\$1.771616 支铅笔和 1010 本笔记本多少钱?

A school store sells 77 pencils and 88 notebooks for $4.15.\$4.15. It also sells 55 pencils and 33 notebooks for $1.77.\$1.77. How much do 1616 pencils and 1010 notebooks cost?

$4.76\$4.76

$5.84\$5.84

$6.00\$6.00

$6.16\$6.16

$6.32\$6.32

知识点:方程组钱币
难度评级:1020
小提示:

用美分计算:设 pp 为一支铅笔价格、nn 为一本笔记本价格,得到 7p+8n=4157p + 8n = 4155p+3n=1775p + 3n = 177

Work in cents: let pp be a pencil and nn a notebook, giving 7p+8n=4157p + 8n = 415 and 5p+3n=1775p + 3n = 177

大提示:

解出 ppnn,再计算 16p+10n16p + 10n

Solve for pp and n,n, then evaluate 16p+10n16p + 10n

解答:

ppnn 分别为一支铅笔和一本笔记本的价格,单位为美分。7p+8n=415 7p + 8n = 415 5p+3n=177 5p + 3n = 177\text{。}

解这个方程组,得到 p=9p = 9n=44n = 44

所以 1616 支铅笔和 1010 本笔记本共需 16(9)+10(44)=58416(9) + 10(44) = 584 美分,即 $5.84\$5.84

所以正确答案是 B

Let pp and nn be the prices in cents of a pencil and a notebook. Then 7p+8n=415 7p + 8n = 415 5p+3n=177. 5p + 3n = 177.

Solving this system gives p=9p = 9 and n=44.n = 44.

So 1616 pencils and 1010 notebooks cost 16(9)+10(44)=58416(9) + 10(44) = 584 cents, or $5.84.\$5.84.

Thus, the correct answer is B.

6.

在 Euclid 高中,参加 AMC 1010 的学生数在 20022002 年为 606020032003 年为 666620042004 年为 707020052005 年为 767620062006 年为 787820072007 年为 8585。哪两个连续年份之间的百分比增长最大?

At Euclid High School, the number of students taking the AMC 1010 was 6060 in 2002,2002, 6666 in 2003,2003, 7070 in 2004,2004, 7676 in 2005,2005, 7878 in 2006,2006, and is 8585 in 2007.2007. Between what two consecutive years was there the largest percentage increase?

2002200220032003

20022002 and 20032003

2003200320042004

20032003 and 20042004

2004200420052005

20042004 and 20052005

2005200520062006

20052005 and 20062006

2006200620072007

20062006 and 20072007

知识点:百分数分数
难度评级:960
小提示:

百分比增长等于增长量除以前一年的数量。

Percentage increase equals the increase divided by the earlier value

大提示:

用共同基准或交叉相乘比较五个增长率。

Compare all five fractional increases using a common benchmark or cross-multiplication

解答:

2002200220032003,增长为 660=110=10% \dfrac{6}{60} = \dfrac{1}{10} = 10\%\text{。}

其他增长率为 466\dfrac{4}{66}670\dfrac{6}{70}276\dfrac{2}{76}778\dfrac{7}{78},都小于 110\dfrac{1}{10}

所以最大百分比增长发生在 2002200220032003 之间。

所以正确答案是 A

From 20022002 to 2003,2003, the increase is 660=110=10%. \dfrac{6}{60} = \dfrac{1}{10} = 10\%.

The other increases are 466,\dfrac{4}{66}, 670,\dfrac{6}{70}, 276,\dfrac{2}{76}, and 778,\dfrac{7}{78}, each less than 110.\dfrac{1}{10}.

So the largest percentage increase was between 20022002 and 2003.2003.

Thus, the correct answer is A.

7.

去年 John Q. Public 先生收到一笔遗产。他对这笔遗产支付了 20%20\% 的联邦税,又对剩下的钱支付了 10%10\% 的州税。两种税合计为 $10,500\$10{,}500。这笔遗产是多少美元?

Last year Mr. John Q. Public received an inheritance. He paid 20%20\% in federal taxes on the inheritance, and paid 10%10\% of what he had left in state taxes. He paid a total of $10,500\$10{,}500 for both taxes. How many dollars was the inheritance?

30,00030{,}000

32,50032{,}500

35,00035{,}000

37,50037{,}500

40,00040{,}000

难度评级:1070
小提示:

联邦税后,遗产还剩 80%80\%

After federal tax, 80%80\% of the inheritance remains

大提示:

州税是这 80%80\%10%10\%,所以总税额是遗产的 20%+8%20\% + 8\%

The state tax is 10%10\% of that 80%,80\%, so the total tax is 20%+8%20\% + 8\% of the inheritance

解答:

联邦税后,Public 先生保留遗产的 80%80\%

州税取这部分的 10%10\%,即遗产的 8%8\%

总税额为遗产的 20%+8%=28%20\% + 8\% = 28\%,所以遗产为 10,5000.28=37,500 \dfrac{10{,}500}{0.28} = 37{,}500\text{。}

所以正确答案是 D

After federal taxes, Mr. Public keeps 80%80\% of his inheritance.

State taxes take 10%10\% of that, which is 8%8\% of the inheritance.

The total tax is 20%+8%=28%20\% + 8\% = 28\% of the inheritance, so the inheritance is 10,5000.28=37,500. \dfrac{10{,}500}{0.28} = 37{,}500.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

8.

三角形 ABCABCADCADC 都是等腰三角形,其中 AB=BCAB = BC,且 AD=DCAD = DC。点 DDABC\triangle ABC 内部,ABC=40\angle ABC = 40^\circ,且 ADC=140\angle ADC = 140^\circBAD\angle BAD 的度数是多少?

Triangles ABCABC and ADCADC are isosceles with AB=BCAB = BC and AD=DC.AD = DC. Point DD is inside ABC,\triangle ABC, ABC=40,\angle ABC = 40^\circ, and ADC=140.\angle ADC = 140^\circ. What is the degree measure of BAD?\angle BAD?

2020

3030

4040

5050

6060

难度评级:1170
小提示:

等腰三角形的两个底角相等。

In an isosceles triangle the two base angles are equal

大提示:

求出 BAC\angle BACDAC\angle DAC,再相减。

Find BAC\angle BAC and DAC,\angle DAC, then subtract

解答:

因为 ABC\triangle ABC 是等腰三角形,BAC=12(18040)=70\angle BAC = \tfrac12(180^\circ - 40^\circ) = 70^\circ

因为 ADC\triangle ADC 是等腰三角形,DAC=12(180140)=20\angle DAC = \tfrac12(180^\circ - 140^\circ) = 20^\circ

因此 BAD=BACDAC\angle BAD = \angle BAC - \angle DAC =7020= 70^\circ - 20^\circ =50= 50^\circ

所以正确答案是 D

Since ABC\triangle ABC is isosceles, BAC=12(18040)=70.\angle BAC = \tfrac12(180^\circ - 40^\circ) = 70^\circ.

Since ADC\triangle ADC is isosceles, DAC=12(180140)=20.\angle DAC = \tfrac12(180^\circ - 140^\circ) = 20^\circ.

Therefore BAD=BACDAC\angle BAD = \angle BAC - \angle DAC =7020= 70^\circ - 20^\circ =50.= 50^\circ.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

9.

实数 aabb 满足 3a=81b+23^a = 81^{b+2}125b=5a3125^b = 5^{a-3}。求 abab

Real numbers aa and bb satisfy the equations 3a=81b+23^a = 81^{b+2} and 125b=5a3.125^b = 5^{a-3}. What is ab?ab?

60-60

17-17

99

1212

6060

知识点:指数方程组
难度评级:1240
小提示:

81=3481 = 3^4125=53125 = 5^3 改写为相同底数。

Rewrite 81=3481 = 3^4 and 125=53125 = 5^3 to match the bases

大提示:

比较指数,得到 a=4(b+2)a = 4(b + 2)3b=a33b = a - 3

Equating exponents gives a=4(b+2)a = 4(b + 2) and 3b=a33b = a - 3

解答:

两个方程变为 3a=34(b+2)3^a = 3^{4(b+2)}53b=5a35^{3b} = 5^{a-3}

所以 a=4(b+2)a = 4(b + 2),且 3b=a33b = a - 3

解得 a=12a = -12b=5b = -5,因此 ab=60ab = 60

所以正确答案是 E

The equations become 3a=34(b+2)3^a = 3^{4(b+2)} and 53b=5a3.5^{3b} = 5^{a-3}.

So a=4(b+2)a = 4(b + 2) and 3b=a3.3b = a - 3.

Solving gives a=12a = -12 and b=5,b = -5, so ab=60.ab = 60.

Thus, the correct answer is E.

10.

Dunbar 家庭由母亲、父亲和若干孩子组成。全家成员的平均年龄为 2020,父亲 4848 岁,母亲和孩子们的平均年龄为 1616。这个家庭有多少个孩子?

The Dunbar family consists of a mother, a father, and some children. The average age of the members of the family is 20,20, the father is 4848 years old, and the average age of the mother and children is 16.16. How many children are in the family?

22

33

44

55

66

难度评级:1240
小提示:

设孩子数为 NN,则全家共有 N+2N + 2 人。

Let NN be the number of children; the family has N+2N + 2 members

大提示:

全家总年龄为 20(N+2)20(N + 2);去掉父亲后,其余人的总年龄为 16(N+1)16(N + 1)

The total age is 20(N+2);20(N + 2); removing the father leaves 16(N+1)16(N + 1)

解答:

设孩子数为 NN,全家总年龄为 TT

20=TN+220 = \dfrac{T}{N + 2},且 16=T48N+116 = \dfrac{T - 48}{N + 1}

这给出 20N+40=T20N + 40 = T16N+64=T16N + 64 = T,所以 20N+40=16N+6420N + 40 = 16N + 64

因此 4N=244N = 24,所以 N=6N = 6

所以正确答案是 E

Let NN be the number of children and TT the total age of the family.

Then 20=TN+220 = \dfrac{T}{N + 2} and 16=T48N+1.16 = \dfrac{T - 48}{N + 1}.

These give 20N+40=T20N + 40 = T and 16N+64=T,16N + 64 = T, so 20N+40=16N+64.20N + 40 = 16N + 64.

Hence 4N=244N = 24 and N=6.N = 6.

Thus, the correct answer is E.

11.

1188 的数字放在一个立方体的顶点上,使每个面上四个数字之和相同。这个共同和是多少?

The numbers from 11 to 88 are placed at the vertices of a cube in such a manner that the sum of the four numbers on each face is the same. What is this common sum?

1414

1616

1818

2020

2424

难度评级:1280
小提示:

立方体每个顶点恰好在三个面上。

Each vertex of a cube lies on exactly three faces

大提示:

将六个面的和相加,会把每个顶点数计算 33 次:3(1+2++8)3(1 + 2 + \cdots + 8)

Adding all six face sums counts each vertex 33 times: 3(1+2++8)3(1 + 2 + \cdots + 8)

解答:

每个顶点恰好属于三个面,所以把六个面的数字和加起来得到 3(1+2++8)=336=108 \begin{aligned} 3(1 + 2 + \cdots + 8) &= 3 \cdot 36 \\ &= 108 \end{aligned}\text{。}

共有六个面,所以共同和为 108÷6=18108 \div 6 = 18

所以正确答案是 C

Each vertex belongs to exactly three faces, so summing the numbers over all six faces gives 3(1+2++8)=336=108. \begin{aligned} 3(1 + 2 + \cdots + 8) &= 3 \cdot 36 \\ &= 108. \end{aligned}

There are six faces, so the common sum is 108÷6=18.108 \div 6 = 18.

Thus, the correct answer is C.

12.

两名导游带领六名游客。导游决定分开行动。每名游客必须选择其中一名导游,但每名导游至少要带一名游客。导游和游客的不同分组共有多少种?

Two tour guides are leading six tourists. The guides decide to split up. Each tourist must choose one of the guides, but with the stipulation that each guide must take at least one tourist. How many different groupings of guides and tourists are possible?

5656

5858

6060

6262

6464

难度评级:1330
小提示:

六名游客各自独立选择两名导游之一。

Each of the six tourists independently picks one of the two guides

大提示:

减去某名导游没有游客的两种安排。

Subtract the two arrangements in which a guide ends up with no tourists

解答:

每名游客独立选择两名导游之一,共有 26=642^6 = 64 种安排。

其中恰好有两种安排会让某名导游没有游客,所以答案为 642=6264 - 2 = 62

所以正确答案是 D

Each tourist independently chooses one of the two guides, giving 26=642^6 = 64 arrangements.

Exactly two of these leave a guide with no tourists, so the answer is 642=62.64 - 2 = 62.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

13.

Yan 位于家和体育场之间。要到体育场,他可以直接走到体育场;也可以先走回家,再骑自行车到体育场。他骑车速度是步行速度的 77 倍,且两种选择所需时间相同。Yan 到家的距离与到体育场的距离之比是多少?

Yan is somewhere between his home and the stadium. To get to the stadium he can walk directly to the stadium, or else he can walk home and then ride his bicycle to the stadium. He rides 77 times as fast as he walks, and both choices require the same amount of time. What is the ratio of Yan’s distance from his home to his distance from the stadium?

23\dfrac{2}{3}

34\dfrac{3}{4}

45\dfrac{4}{5}

56\dfrac{5}{6}

67\dfrac{6}{7}

难度评级:1420
小提示:

设他到家的距离为 xx,到体育场的距离为 yy,步行速度为 ww

Let xx be his distance from home and yy his distance from the stadium, with walking speed ww

大提示:

令两种走法的用时相等:yw=xw+x+y7w\dfrac{y}{w} = \dfrac{x}{w} + \dfrac{x + y}{7w}

Set the times equal: yw=xw+x+y7w\dfrac{y}{w} = \dfrac{x}{w} + \dfrac{x + y}{7w}

解答:

设 Yan 到家的距离和到体育场的距离分别为 xxyy,步行速度为 ww

直接步行到体育场需要 yw\dfrac{y}{w}。走回家再骑车需要 xw+x+y7w\dfrac{x}{w} + \dfrac{x + y}{7w}

令二者相等,得 7y=8x+y7y = 8x + y,所以 8x=6y8x = 6y,从而 xy=34\dfrac{x}{y} = \dfrac{3}{4}

所以正确答案是 B

Let xx and yy be Yan’s distances from home and from the stadium, and let ww be his walking speed.

Walking to the stadium takes yw.\dfrac{y}{w}. Walking home and biking takes xw+x+y7w.\dfrac{x}{w} + \dfrac{x + y}{7w}.

Setting these equal gives 7y=8x+y,7y = 8x + y, so 8x=6y8x = 6y and xy=34.\dfrac{x}{y} = \dfrac{3}{4}.

Thus, the correct answer is B.

14.

一个边长比为 3:4:53 : 4 : 5 的三角形内接于半径为 33 的圆。这个三角形的面积是多少?

A triangle with side lengths in the ratio 3:4:53 : 4 : 5 is inscribed in a circle of radius 3.3. What is the area of the triangle?

8.648.64

1212

5π5\pi

17.2817.28

1818

难度评级:1420
小提示:

边长比为 3:4:53 : 4 : 5 的三角形是直角三角形,所以最长边是圆的直径。

A 3:4:53 : 4 : 5 triangle is right-angled, so its longest side is a diameter

大提示:

若三边为 3x,4x,5x3x, 4x, 5x,则斜边 5x5x 等于直径 66

With sides 3x,4x,5x,3x, 4x, 5x, the hypotenuse 5x5x equals the diameter 66

解答:

设三边为 3x,4x,5x3x, 4x, 5x

这个三角形是直角三角形,所以斜边为圆的直径。因此 5x=23=65x = 2 \cdot 3 = 6,得到 x=65x = \tfrac65

面积为 12(3x)(4x)=6x2=63625=8.64 \begin{aligned} \tfrac12 (3x)(4x) &= 6x^2 = 6 \cdot \tfrac{36}{25} \\ &= 8.64 \end{aligned}\text{。}

所以正确答案是 A

Let the sides be 3x,4x,5x.3x, 4x, 5x. The triangle is right-angled, so its hypotenuse is a diameter.

Thus 5x=23=6,5x = 2 \cdot 3 = 6, giving x=65.x = \tfrac65.

The area is 12(3x)(4x)=6x2=63625=8.64. \begin{aligned} \tfrac12 (3x)(4x) &= 6x^2 = 6 \cdot \tfrac{36}{25} \\ &= 8.64. \end{aligned}

Thus, the correct answer is A.

15.

如图,四个半径为 11 的圆各自与正方形的两条边相切,并且都与一个半径为 22 的圆外切。正方形的面积是多少?

Four circles of radius 11 are each tangent to two sides of a square and externally tangent to a circle of radius 2,2, as shown. What is the area of the square?

3232

22+12222 + 12\sqrt{2}

16+16316 + 16\sqrt{3}

4848

36+16236 + 16\sqrt{2}

难度评级:1540
小提示:

连接大圆圆心与两个相邻小圆的圆心。

Connect the center of the large circle to the centers of two adjacent small circles

大提示:

这个三角形是等腰直角三角形,直角边为 2+1=32 + 1 = 3,所以斜边为 323\sqrt2

That triangle is isosceles right with legs 2+1=3,2 + 1 = 3, so its hypotenuse is 323\sqrt2

解答:

考虑连接半径 22 的圆心和两个相邻小圆圆心形成的等腰直角三角形。它的两条直角边长为 2+1=32 + 1 = 3,所以斜边为 323\sqrt2

正方形边长比这条斜边多 22(两端各一个小圆半径),所以 s=2+32s = 2 + 3\sqrt2

面积为 (2+32)2=4+122+18=22+122 \begin{aligned} (2 + 3\sqrt2)^2 &= 4 + 12\sqrt2 + 18 \\ &= 22 + 12\sqrt2 \end{aligned}\text{。}

所以正确答案是 B

Consider the isosceles right triangle joining the center of the radius-22 circle to the centers of two adjacent small circles. Its legs have length 2+1=3,2 + 1 = 3, so its hypotenuse is 32.3\sqrt2.

The side of the square exceeds this hypotenuse by 22 (one radius on each end), so s=2+32.s = 2 + 3\sqrt2.

The area is (2+32)2=4+122+18=22+122. \begin{aligned} (2 + 3\sqrt2)^2 &= 4 + 12\sqrt2 + 18 \\ &= 22 + 12\sqrt2. \end{aligned}

Thus, the correct answer is B.

16.

整数 aabbccdd 不要求互不相同,分别独立地从 0020072007(含端点)中随机选择。adbcad - bc 为偶数的概率是多少?

Integers a,a, b,b, c,c, and d,d, not necessarily distinct, are chosen independently and at random from 00 to 2007,2007, inclusive. What is the probability that adbcad - bc is even?

38\dfrac{3}{8}

716\dfrac{7}{16}

12\dfrac{1}{2}

916\dfrac{9}{16}

58\dfrac{5}{8}

难度评级:1540
小提示:

adbcad - bc 为偶数当且仅当 adadbcbc 奇偶性相同。

adbcad - bc is even exactly when adad and bcbc have the same parity

大提示:

一个乘积为奇数仅当两个因数都为奇数,概率为 14\tfrac14

A product is odd only if both factors are odd, which happens with probability 14\tfrac14

解答:

0020072007 的整数中一半为奇数,所以 adad 为奇数的概率为 1212=14\tfrac12 \cdot \tfrac12 = \tfrac14,为偶数的概率为 34\tfrac34bcbc 也是如此。

adbcad - bc 为偶数当两个乘积奇偶性相同:1414+3434=116+916=58 \tfrac14 \cdot \tfrac14 + \tfrac34 \cdot \tfrac34 = \tfrac{1}{16} + \tfrac{9}{16} = \tfrac58\text{。}

所以正确答案是 E

Half the integers from 00 to 20072007 are odd, so each of adad and bcbc is odd with probability 1212=14\tfrac12 \cdot \tfrac12 = \tfrac14 and even with probability 34.\tfrac34.

The difference adbcad - bc is even when both products have the same parity: 1414+3434=116+916=58. \tfrac14 \cdot \tfrac14 + \tfrac34 \cdot \tfrac34 = \tfrac{1}{16} + \tfrac{9}{16} = \tfrac58.

Thus, the correct answer is E.

17.

mmnn 是正整数,且 75m=n375m = n^3m+nm + n 的最小可能值是多少?

Suppose that mm and nn are positive integers such that 75m=n3.75m = n^3. What is the minimum possible value of m+n?m + n?

1515

3030

5050

6060

57005700

难度评级:1480
小提示:

在完全立方数中,每个质数的指数都是 33 的倍数。

In a perfect cube, every prime’s exponent is a multiple of 33

大提示:

因为 75=35275 = 3 \cdot 5^2,找最小的 mm,使所有指数都变为 33 的倍数。

Since 75=352,75 = 3 \cdot 5^2, find the smallest mm making all exponents multiples of 33

解答:

因为 n3=75m=352mn^3 = 75m = 3 \cdot 5^2 \cdot m,每个质因数的指数都必须是三的倍数。

最小这样的 mm325=453^2 \cdot 5 = 45,此时 n3=3353n^3 = 3^3 \cdot 5^3,所以 n=15n = 15

因此 m+n=45+15=60m + n = 45 + 15 = 60

所以正确答案是 D

Since n3=75m=352m,n^3 = 75m = 3 \cdot 5^2 \cdot m, every prime factor must occur a multiple of three times.

The smallest such mm is 325=45,3^2 \cdot 5 = 45, giving n3=3353n^3 = 3^3 \cdot 5^3 and n=15.n = 15.

Then m+n=45+15=60.m + n = 45 + 15 = 60.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

18.

如图,考虑 1212 边形 ABCDEFGHIJKLABCDEFGHIJKL,每条边长为 44,且每两条相邻边成直角。设 AG\overline{AG}CH\overline{CH} 交于 MM。四边形 ABCMABCM 的面积是多少?

Consider the 1212-sided polygon ABCDEFGHIJKL,ABCDEFGHIJKL, as shown. Each of its sides has length 4,4, and each two consecutive sides form a right angle. Suppose that AG\overline{AG} and CH\overline{CH} meet at M.M. What is the area of quadrilateral ABCM?ABCM?

443\dfrac{44}{3}

1616

885\dfrac{88}{5}

2020

623\dfrac{62}{3}

难度评级:1790
小提示:

利用边长 44 将这个十字形放在坐标平面上。

Place the cross on coordinates using the side length 44

大提示:

求出直线 AGAGCHCH 的交点 MM,再对 ABCMABCM 使用鞋带公式。

Find MM as the intersection of lines AGAG and CH,CH, then apply the shoelace formula to ABCMABCM

解答:

将图形放在坐标系中,取 A=(2,6)A = (-2, 6)B=(2,6)B = (2, 6)C=(2,2)C = (2, 2)G=(2,6)G = (2, -6)H=(2,6)H = (-2, -6)

直线 AGAGy=3xy = -3x,直线 CHCHy=2x2y = 2x - 2

它们的交点为 M=(25,65)M = \left(\tfrac25, -\tfrac65\right)

A,B,C,MA, B, C, M 使用鞋带公式,面积为 [ABCM]=1281365=885 \begin{aligned} [ABCM] &=\dfrac12\left|{-8}-\dfrac{136}{5}\right|\\ &=\dfrac{88}{5} \end{aligned}\text{。}

所以正确答案是 C

Put the figure on coordinates with A=(2,6),A = (-2, 6), B=(2,6),B = (2, 6), C=(2,2),C = (2, 2), G=(2,6),G = (2, -6), and H=(2,6).H = (-2, -6).

Line AGAG is y=3x,y = -3x, and line CHCH is y=2x2.y = 2x - 2.

Their intersection is M=(25,65).M = \left(\tfrac25, -\tfrac65\right).

Applying the shoelace formula to A,B,C,MA, B, C, M gives [ABCM]=1281365=885. \begin{aligned} [ABCM] &=\dfrac12\left|{-8}-\dfrac{136}{5}\right|\\ &=\dfrac{88}{5}. \end{aligned}

Thus, the correct answer is C.

19.

如图,一把画刷沿正方形的两条对角线扫过,形成对称的涂色区域。正方形面积的一半被涂色。正方形边长与画刷宽度之比是多少?

A paint brush is swept along both diagonals of a square to produce the symmetric painted area, as shown. Half the area of the square is painted. What is the ratio of the side length of the square to the brush width?

22+12\sqrt{2} + 1

323\sqrt{2}

22+22\sqrt{2} + 2

32+13\sqrt{2} + 1

32+23\sqrt{2} + 2

难度评级:1820
小提示:

四个未涂色角区域是全等的等腰直角三角形,总面积为正方形的一半。

The four unpainted corner regions are congruent isosceles right triangles totaling half the square

大提示:

每个三角形的直角边 x=s2x = \tfrac{s}{2},且 x+wx + w 等于半条对角线 22s\tfrac{\sqrt2}{2}s

Each triangle has leg x=s2,x = \tfrac{s}{2}, and x+wx + w equals half the diagonal 22s\tfrac{\sqrt2}{2}s

解答:

设正方形边长为 ss,画刷宽度为 ww,一个未涂色等腰直角三角形的直角边为 xx。每个三角形面积为 18s2\tfrac18 s^2,所以 12x2=18s2\tfrac12 x^2 = \tfrac18 s^2,得到 x=s2x = \tfrac{s}{2}

直角边加上画刷宽度等于半条对角线:x+w=22sx + w = \tfrac{\sqrt2}{2} s。因此 w=22ss2w = \tfrac{\sqrt2}{2} s - \tfrac{s}{2}

所以 sw=221=22+2 \dfrac{s}{w} = \dfrac{2}{\sqrt2 - 1} = 2\sqrt2 + 2\text{。}

所以正确答案是 C

Let ss be the side, ww the brush width, and xx the leg of one unpainted isosceles right triangle. Each triangle has area 18s2,\tfrac18 s^2, so 12x2=18s2\tfrac12 x^2 = \tfrac18 s^2 and x=s2.x = \tfrac{s}{2}.

The leg plus the brush width is half the diagonal: x+w=22s.x + w = \tfrac{\sqrt2}{2} s. Thus w=22ss2.w = \tfrac{\sqrt2}{2} s - \tfrac{s}{2}.

Therefore sw=221=22+2. \dfrac{s}{w} = \dfrac{2}{\sqrt2 - 1} = 2\sqrt2 + 2.

Thus, the correct answer is C.

20.

设数 aa 满足方程 4=a+a14 = a + a^{-1}。求 a4+a4a^4 + a^{-4} 的值。

Suppose that the number aa satisfies the equation 4=a+a1.4 = a + a^{-1}. What is the value of a4+a4?a^4 + a^{-4}?

164164

172172

192192

194194

212212

难度评级:1460
小提示:

a+a1a + a^{-1} 平方会得到 a2+2+a2a^2 + 2 + a^{-2}

Squaring a+a1a + a^{-1} gives a2+2+a2a^2 + 2 + a^{-2}

大提示:

再将 a2+a2a^2 + a^{-2} 平方,并减去中间项 22

Square a2+a2a^2 + a^{-2} and subtract the middle term 22

解答:

a+a1=4a + a^{-1} = 4 平方,得到 a2+2+a2=16a^2 + 2 + a^{-2} = 16,所以 a2+a2=14a^2 + a^{-2} = 14

再平方得到 a4+2+a4=196a^4 + 2 + a^{-4} = 196,所以 a4+a4=194a^4 + a^{-4} = 194

所以正确答案是 D

Squaring a+a1=4a + a^{-1} = 4 gives a2+2+a2=16,a^2 + 2 + a^{-2} = 16, so a2+a2=14.a^2 + a^{-2} = 14.

Squaring again gives a4+2+a4=196,a^4 + 2 + a^{-4} = 196, so a4+a4=194.a^4 + a^{-4} = 194.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

21.

一个球内切于表面积为 2424 平方米的立方体。再将第二个立方体内接于这个球。内部立方体的表面积是多少平方米?

A sphere is inscribed in a cube that has a surface area of 2424 square meters. A second cube is then inscribed within the sphere. What is the surface area in square meters of the inner cube?

33

66

88

99

1212

难度评级:1580
小提示:

球的直径等于外部立方体的边长,也等于内部立方体的空间对角线。

The sphere’s diameter equals the outer cube’s side and the inner cube’s space diagonal

大提示:

若内部立方体边长为 ll,则空间对角线为 l3=2l\sqrt3 = 2

For inner cube side l,l, the space diagonal is l3=2l\sqrt3 = 2

解答:

外部立方体每个面的面积为 24÷6=424 \div 6 = 4,所以边长为 22,球的直径为 22

这个直径是内部立方体的空间对角线,所以 l3=2l\sqrt3 = 2,得到 l2=43l^2 = \tfrac43

内部立方体表面积为 6l2=643=86 l^2 = 6 \cdot \tfrac43 = 8

所以正确答案是 C

Each face of the outer cube has area 24÷6=4,24 \div 6 = 4, so its side is 2,2, and the sphere has diameter 2.2.

This diameter is the space diagonal of the inner cube, so l3=2,l\sqrt3 = 2, giving l2=43.l^2 = \tfrac43.

The inner cube’s surface area is 6l2=643=8.6 l^2 = 6 \cdot \tfrac43 = 8.

Thus, the correct answer is C.

22.

一个有限的三位整数数列具有如下性质:每一项的十位和个位数字分别是下一项的百位和十位数字;最后一项的十位和个位数字分别是第一项的百位和十位数字。例如,这样的数列可能以 247247475475756756 开头,并以 824824 结尾。设 SS 为数列中所有项的和。总是整除 SS 的最大质数是多少?

A finite sequence of three-digit integers has the property that the tens and units digits of each term are, respectively, the hundreds and tens digits of the next term, and the tens and units digits of the last term are, respectively, the hundreds and tens digits of the first term. For example, such a sequence might begin with terms 247,247, 475,475, and 756756 and end with the term 824.824. Let SS be the sum of all the terms in the sequence. What is the largest prime number that always divides S?S?

33

77

1313

3737

4343

知识点:位值整除性
难度评级:1920
小提示:

由于循环移位,每个数字在百位、十位和个位上出现的总次数相同。

Because of the cyclic shifting, each digit spends equal time in the hundreds, tens, and units places

大提示:

因此 S=111kS = 111k,其中 kk 是整数,且 111=337111 = 3 \cdot 37

So S=111kS = 111k for some integer k,k, and 111=337111 = 3 \cdot 37

解答:

在整个数列中,每个数字作为百位、十位、个位出现的次数相同。

kk 是所有项个位数字之和,则 S=111k=337kS = 111k = 3 \cdot 37 \cdot k,所以 SS 总能被 3737 整除。

数列 123123231231312312 给出 S=666=23237S = 666 = 2 \cdot 3^2 \cdot 37,没有更大的质因数被强制整除,所以答案是 3737

所以正确答案是 D

Each digit appears as a hundreds digit, a tens digit, and a units digit the same number of times across the sequence.

If kk is the sum of the units digits of all terms, then S=111k=337k,S = 111k = 3 \cdot 37 \cdot k, so SS is always divisible by 37.37.

The sequence 123,123, 231,231, 312312 gives S=666=23237,S = 666 = 2 \cdot 3^2 \cdot 37, which has no larger prime factor forced, so 3737 is the answer.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

23.

有多少个正整数有序对 (m,n)(m, n) 满足 m>nm \gt n,且它们的平方差为 9696

How many ordered pairs (m,n)(m, n) of positive integers, with m>n,m \gt n, have the property that their squares differ by 96?96?

33

44

66

99

1212

难度评级:1400
小提示:

将平方差写成 m2n2=(m+n)(mn)=96m^2 - n^2 = (m + n)(m - n) = 96

Write m2n2=(m+n)(mn)=96m^2 - n^2 = (m + n)(m - n) = 96

大提示:

m+nm + nmnm - n 奇偶性相同,所以二者都必须是偶数。

m+nm + n and mnm - n have the same parity, so both must be even

解答:

因数 m+nm + nmnm - n 的奇偶性相同。因为它们的乘积是 9696,所以不可能都是奇数,只能都是偶数。

偶数因数对为 (48,2)(48, 2)(24,4)(24, 4)(16,6)(16, 6)(12,8)(12, 8),对应 (m,n)=(25,23)(m, n) = (25, 23)(14,10)(14, 10)(11,5)(11, 5)(10,2)(10, 2)

所以共有 44 个有序对。

所以正确答案是 B

The factors m+nm + n and mnm - n have the same parity. Since their product is 96,96, they cannot both be odd, so both must be even.

The even factor pairs are (48,2),(48, 2), (24,4),(24, 4), (16,6),(16, 6), and (12,8),(12, 8), giving (m,n)=(25,23),(m, n) = (25, 23), (14,10),(14, 10), (11,5),(11, 5), and (10,2).(10, 2).

So there are 44 ordered pairs.

Thus, the correct answer is B.

24.

如图,以 AABB 为圆心的圆半径均为 22,点 OOAB\overline{AB} 的中点,且 OA=22OA = 2\sqrt{2}。线段 OCOCODOD 分别与以 AABB 为圆心的圆相切,EF\overline{EF} 是一条公切线。阴影区域 ECODFECODF 的面积是多少?

Circles centered at AA and BB each have radius 2,2, as shown. Point OO is the midpoint of AB,\overline{AB}, and OA=22.OA = 2\sqrt{2}. Segments OCOC and ODOD are tangent to the circles centered at AA and B,B, respectively, and EF\overline{EF} is a common tangent. What is the area of the shaded region ECODF?ECODF?

823\dfrac{8\sqrt{2}}{3}

824π8\sqrt{2} - 4 - \pi

424\sqrt{2}

42+π84\sqrt{2} + \dfrac{\pi}{8}

822π28\sqrt{2} - 2 - \dfrac{\pi}{2}

难度评级:1960
小提示:

该区域等于矩形 ABFEABFE 去掉两个直角三角形和两个圆扇形。

The region is rectangle ABFEABFE with two right triangles and two circular sectors removed

大提示:

每个由切点形成的三角形都是直角边为 22 的等腰直角三角形;每个扇形的圆心角为 4545^\circ、半径为 22

Each triangle formed by tangency is isosceles right with legs 2;2; each sector has a 4545^\circ angle and radius 22

解答:

矩形 ABFEABFE 面积为 AEAB=242=82AE \cdot AB = 2 \cdot 4\sqrt2 = 8\sqrt2

直角三角形 ACOACOBDOBDO 的斜边均为 222\sqrt2,且一条直角边为 22,所以每个都是面积为 22 的等腰直角三角形。

CAECAEDBFDBF 都是 4545^\circ,所以扇形 CAECAEDBFDBF 的面积各为 18π22=π2\tfrac18 \pi \cdot 2^2 = \tfrac{\pi}{2}

阴影面积为 82222π2=824π \begin{gathered} 8\sqrt2 - 2 \cdot 2 - 2 \cdot \tfrac{\pi}{2} \\ = 8\sqrt2 - 4 - \pi \end{gathered}\text{。}

所以正确答案是 B

Rectangle ABFEABFE has area AEAB=242=82.AE \cdot AB = 2 \cdot 4\sqrt2 = 8\sqrt2.

Right triangles ACOACO and BDOBDO each have hypotenuse 222\sqrt2 and a leg of 2,2, so each is isosceles right with area 2.2.

Angles CAECAE and DBFDBF are each 45,45^\circ, so sectors CAECAE and DBFDBF each have area 18π22=π2.\tfrac18 \pi \cdot 2^2 = \tfrac{\pi}{2}.

The shaded area is 82222π2=824π. \begin{gathered} 8\sqrt2 - 2 \cdot 2 - 2 \cdot \tfrac{\pi}{2} \\ = 8\sqrt2 - 4 - \pi. \end{gathered}

Thus, the correct answer is B.

25.

对每个正整数 nn,令 S(n)S(n) 表示 nn 的各位数字之和。有多少个 nn 满足 n+S(n)+S(S(n))=2007n + S(n) + S(S(n)) = 2007

For each positive integer n,n, let S(n)S(n) denote the sum of the digits of n.n. For how many values of nn is n+S(n)+S(S(n))=2007?n + S(n) + S(S(n)) = 2007?

11

22

33

44

55

难度评级:2200
小提示:

n2007n \le 2007,有 S(n)28S(n) \le 28S(S(n))10S(S(n)) \le 10,所以 n1969n \ge 1969

For n2007,n \le 2007, S(n)28S(n) \le 28 and S(S(n))10,S(S(n)) \le 10, so n1969n \ge 1969

大提示:

nnS(n)S(n)S(S(n))S(S(n))99 同余,而 2007200799 的倍数。

n,n, S(n),S(n), and S(S(n))S(S(n)) are all congruent modulo 9,9, and 20072007 is a multiple of 99

解答:

n2007n \le 2007,则 S(n)28S(n) \le 28,且 S(S(n))10S(S(n)) \le 10,所以 n20072810=1969n \ge 2007 - 28 - 10 = 1969

因为 nnS(n)S(n)S(S(n))S(S(n))99 都同余,且 2007200799 的倍数,所以它们都必须是 33 的倍数。

检查 1969196920072007 之间的 33 的倍数,满足条件的是 19771977198019801983198320012001

所以共有 44nn

所以正确答案是 D

If n2007,n \le 2007, then S(n)28S(n) \le 28 and S(S(n))10,S(S(n)) \le 10, so n20072810=1969.n \ge 2007 - 28 - 10 = 1969.

Since n,n, S(n),S(n), and S(S(n))S(S(n)) all leave the same remainder modulo 99 and 20072007 is a multiple of 9,9, each must be a multiple of 3.3.

Checking the multiples of 33 between 19691969 and 2007,2007, the condition holds for 1977,1977, 1980,1980, 1983,1983, and 2001.2001.

So there are 44 values of n.n.

Thus, the correct answer is D.