1965 AMC 12 Problem 39

Attempt Problem 39 of the 1965 AMC 12 below, then check your answer against the professionally curated solution from LIVE by Po-Shen Loh. You can also try the full timed exam, view all 1965 AMC 12 solutions, or check the answer key.

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39.

A foreman noticed an inspector checking a 33-inch hole with a 22-inch plug and a 11-inch plug and suggested that two more gauges be inserted to be sure that the fit was snug. If the new gauges are alike, then the diameter dd of each, to the nearest hundredth of an inch, is:

0.870.87

0.860.86

0.830.83

0.750.75

0.710.71

Answer: B
Concepts:tangent circlescoordinate geometryestimation
Difficulty rating: 2410
Small Hint:

Use radii 32,\frac{3}{2}, 1,1, and 12,\frac{1}{2}, and let a new gauge have radius rr

Big Hint:

If its center is (u,v)(u,v), subtract its three tangency-distance equations

Solution:

Place the hole’s center at the origin. The 22-inch and 11-inch plug centers are (0,12)(0,-\frac{1}{2}) and (0,1).(0,1). Let a new gauge have radius rr and center (u,v).(u,v). Tangency to the two plugs gives u2+(v+12)2=(1+r)2,u2+(v1)2=(12+r)2, \begin{gathered} u^2+(v+\frac{1}{2})^2=(1+r)^2,\\ u^2+(v-1)^2=(\frac{1}{2}+r)^2, \end{gathered} while internal tangency to the hole gives u2+v2=(32r)2.u^2+v^2=(\frac{3}{2}-r)^2. Subtracting pairs of equations yields v=12+r3v=\frac12+\frac r3 and v=322r.v=\frac32-2r. Thus r=37,r=\frac{3}{7}, so d=2r=670.86.d=2r=\frac{6}{7}\approx0.86.

Therefore, the correct answer is B.

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Problem 39 in Other Years

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